Studied by 5 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Psychological disorder
A syndrome characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A disorder marked by extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, typically appearing by age 7.
Medical model
The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and often cured.
DSM-V
The American Psychiatric Association's system for classifying psychological disorders.
Anxiety disorders
Disorders characterized by distressing anxiety or maladaptive behaviors reducing anxiety.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
An anxiety disorder involving continual tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder with unpredictable episodes of intense dread and physical symptoms like chest pain or choking.
Phobia
An anxiety disorder marked by irrational fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations.
Social anxiety disorder
Intense fear of social situations leading to avoidance (formerly social phobia).
Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations where loss of control and panic may occur.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
A disorder with unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A disorder with haunting memories, nightmares, and anxiety following a traumatic experience.
Posttraumatic growth
Positive psychological changes after struggling with challenging circumstances.
Mood disorders
Disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
A mood disorder with depressive symptoms lasting at least two weeks.
Mania
A mood disorder marked by hyperactivity and optimism.
Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder alternating between depression and mania.
Rumination
Compulsive overthinking about problems and their causes.
Schizophrenia
A disorder with delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.
Psychosis
A disorder where a person loses touch with reality.
Delusions
False beliefs often accompanying psychotic disorders.
Hallucinations
False sensory experiences without external stimuli.
Somatic symptom disorder
A disorder with physical symptoms lacking a physical cause.
Conversion disorder
Experience of genuine physical symptoms without physiological basis.
Illness anxiety disorder
Interpreting normal sensations as symptoms of a disease.
Dissociative disorders
Disorders where awareness becomes separated from memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
A disorder with two or more distinct personalities.
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder with significant underweight despite a starvation diet.
Bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder with binge eating followed by purging.
Binge-eating disorder
Binge eating without purging.
Personality disorder
Disorders with enduring behavior patterns impairing social functioning.
Antisocial personality disorder
Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, aggression, or manipulation.
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques for overcoming difficulties or achieving growth.
Biomedical therapy
Treatment with medications or procedures acting on physiology.
Eclectic approach
Therapy using techniques from various forms depending on the client's issues.
Psychoanalysis
Freud's therapeutic technique exploring repressed feelings for self-insight.
Resistance
Blocking of anxiety-laden material in psychoanalysis.
Interpretation
Analyst's noting of dream meanings and behaviors for insight in psychoanalysis.
Transference
Patient's transfer of emotions to the analyst in psychoanalysis.
Psychodynamic therapy
Therapy focusing on unconscious forces and childhood experiences for self-insight.
Insight therapies
Therapies aiming to improve psychological functioning by increasing awareness of motives and defenses.
Client-centered therapy
Therapy using active listening in a genuine, accepting environment for client growth.
Behavior therapy
Therapy applying learning principles to eliminate unwanted behaviors.
Counterconditioning
Behavior therapy using classical conditioning to evoke new responses to unwanted behaviors.
Exposure therapies
Techniques exposing individuals to feared stimuli to treat anxieties.
Systematic desensitization
Exposure therapy associating relaxation with anxiety triggers to treat phobias.
Virtual reality exposure therapy
An anxiety treatment exposing individuals to fears through electronic simulations.
Aversive conditioning
Associating unpleasant states with unwanted behaviors to countercondition.
Token economy
Operant conditioning procedure rewarding desired behaviors with tokens.
Cognitive therapy
Teaching adaptive thinking to change emotional reactions.
Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
Challenging illogical attitudes and assumptions for cognitive change.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Integrative therapy combining cognitive and behavior therapies.
Group therapy
Therapy conducted with groups for therapeutic benefits.
Family therapy
Treating families as a system to address unwanted behaviors.
Regression toward the mean
tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
Meta-analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
Evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
Therapeutic alliance:
a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem
Resilience
the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
Psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
Antianxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
Antidepressant drugs
drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (several widely used antidepressants drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors - SSRIs)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
Lobotomy
a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollable emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotional-controlling centers of the inner brain
