World History Review

was much larger and more prosperous.

Compared to the classical cities of the late 4c and 5c of Western Europe, Constantinople:

fighting the Germanic peoples who had invaded the Empire.

The Byzantine emperor Justinian tried to rebuild the Roman Empire by

being easy to defend.

being a crossroads for trade by land and sea.

having a harbor on a major strait.

Constantinople’s location had all of these following advantages

religious art, mosaics, and architecture.

Byzantine artists made a lasting impact in the areas of

restored almost to its former borders.

Under Justinian, the old Roman Empire was

preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage.

The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilizations by

Constantinople

What Byzantine city is now called Istanbul, Turkey?

The City was Constantinople

What predominately Christian city was pillaged by the Crusaders of the 4th Crusade

Iconoclasm

This word means “the destruction of the images.”

about 1000 years

How long did the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) last after the fall of Rome?

Emperor Justinian

What emperor recaptured most of the western reaches of the Byzantine Empire, nearly bankrupting the empire in the process?

there were no strict rules of succession, anyone could rise to power.

How was the title of emperor transferred in the Byzantine Empire?

The Ottoman Turks

What Islamic Invaders closed the final chapter of the Byzantine Empire by taking Constantinople in 1453 CE

The Justinian codes

What 10-volume code of loss was complied by a late Byzantine emperor and later used as a basis for many European legal codes?

Constantine, 312

What Roman Emperor founded the “Byzantine Empire”? In what year?

Constantinople

What was the name of the city of ‘Byzantium’ changed to?

a set of laws, influenced laws

What was “Justinian’s Code” and what was its significance?

Theodora, major adviser to Justinian

Who was Justinian’s wife and why is she important in World History?

Kiev

What Russian city was heavily influenced by the Orthodox Christianity of the Byzantine Empire?

Patriarch

Who was the head of the Byzantine Church?

Great Schism

What was the official split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church called?

Ottoman Turks

What Islamic group captured Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it ‘Istanbul’?

Genghis Khan

Who united the Mongol clans into one community?

Russia

What country did the Mongols conquer in 1250?

Marco Polo

What Italian traveler visited the Mongol Empire in the late 1200’s?

silk roads

What trade routes did the Mongols restabilize in the 1200’s?

Pax Mongolica

What is the term for the period of peace brought about by the Mongols in Asia between 1250 and 1350 called?

Muhammed

Who founded the Islamic Religion in the 600’s?

Jihad

What is the term for an “Islamic Holy War”?

Sunni and Shiite

What two branches did the Islamic religion split into?

Ibn Battuta

Who became the first African leader to visit Muslim countries in the 1300’s?

Ibn Sina

What Islamic man was well known for his advances in medicine?

Pope Urban II

What Pope called for the first crusade in 1297?

Take Jerusalem away from the Muslims

What was to be the purpose of the Crusades?

4

How many major crusades were there between 1197 and 1250?

Constantinople

What Christian city was often “sacked” and looted by the Christian Knights on their way to the Middle East?

increased trade, ideas and inventions brought back into western Europe, increased religious hatred between Muslims and Christians

What was the major effect of the Crusades?