Psych unit 1

Depressants - function

slow neural activity and slow body functions

3 Depressants

Alcohol, Bariturates, Opiates

Stimulants - function

excite neural activity and speed up body functions

4 stimulants

caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy

Hallucinogens function

distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

1 Hallucinogen

LSD

Bariturates

what r they perscribed for (2 things)

what do they do

what r they also known as

what happens if mixed with alcohol

perscribed for sleep issues and anxiety

impair judgement and memory

known as tranquilizers

death is mixed w alcohol

Opiates

2 examples

what do they do

what is withdrawal like

opium and heroin

diminishes endorphins

extreme pain if discontinued use

2 narcotics

what they do

codeine, morphine

stops endorphins

Ecstacy

what type of drug

what is withdrawal like

can cause _

what type of neurotransmitter is released and what does this cause

stimulant

depressed mood days after

can cause hyperthermia

releases serotonin —> euphoria

Cocaine

what type of drug

what does it do

stimulant

blocks reuptake therfore seroonin levels highly increase

Bio-Psycho-Social Approach

3 types

what they take into account

Biological influences - genetics, illness

psychological influenes - mental illness, personal experiences, behavioral habits

Social/ cultural influences-relationships and surroundings

Neuroplasticity

the brain’s ability to change an adapt its structure and function through life

Lesioning

intentionally damaging or removing brain tissue

3 types of brain scans

EEG, MRI, PET scan

what does EEG scan record

Brain waves

what does MRI scan record

how does it do this

body and brain tissue, uses magnetic fields and special radio receivers

what does the PET scan record

Biochemical activity

Four major lobes of the brain

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

Medulla

where is it located

what is its function

Hindbrain (Brainstem) – Regulates cardiovascular & respiratory systems (involuntary)

Pons

where is it located

what is its function

Hindbrain (Brainstem) – Bridge between brain areas; coordinates movement with cerebellum

Cerebellum

where is it located

what is its function

Hindbrain – Balance, posture, coordination (walking straight, etc.)

Midbrain

where is it located

what is its function

Brainstem – Controls visual & auditory reflexes (involuntary)

Reticular Formation

where is it located

what is its function

Inside Brainstem – Arousal, alertness, sleep cycle, respiratory control, pain modulation

Reticular Activating System

where is it located

what is its function

Brainstem → Thalamus – Alerts brain to important stimuli (like hearing your name)

Thalamus

where is it located

what is its function

Above Brainstem (Forebrain) – Relays sensory info to the forebrain for interpretation

Hypothalamus

where is it located

what is its function

Forebrain (Below Thalamus) – Maintains homeostasis; regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, hormones

Cerebrum

where is it located

what is its function

Forebrain – Higher-level processes not needed for survival

Corpus Callosum

where is it located

what is its function

Between Hemispheres – Connects left and right hemispheres of the brain

Frontal Lobe

where is it located

what is its function

– Forebrain – Higher thinking, planning, judgment, speech, voluntary movement

Prefrontal Cortex

where is it located

what is its function

Frontal Lobe – Decision making, foresight, judgment, complex thought

Broca’s Area

where is it located

what is its function

Frontal Lobe – Controls physical movement for speech

Motor Cortex

where is it located

what is its function

– Back of Frontal Lobe – Controls voluntary movement

Parietal Lobe

where is it located

what is its function

– Forebrain – Processes sensory information (touch, spatial awareness)

Somatosensory Cortex

where is it located

what is its function

– Front of Parietal Lobe – Registers touch and body movement sensations

Occipital Lobe

where is it located

what is its function

– Back of Brain – Processes vision; interprets visual info from both eyes

Visual Cortex

where is it located

what is its function

– Occipital Lobe – Interprets visual signals from left and right eyes

Temporal Lobe

where is it located

what is its function

– Forebrain (Side) – Hearing, smell, memory, face recognition, balance

Auditory Cortex

where is it located

what is its function

– Temporal Lobe – Processes hearing info from opposite ear

Wernicke’s Area

where is it located

what is its function

– Temporal Lobe – Language comprehension

Angular Gyrus

where is it located

what is its function

– Temporal/Parietal Junction – Translates written words into auditory code (reading)

Limbic System

where is it located

what is its function

– Forebrain (between Brainstem & Cerebral Cortex) – Emotions, learning, and memory

Hippocampus

where is it located

what is its function

– Inside Temporal Lobe (Limbic System) – Creates new memories and helps learning

Amygdala

where is it located

what is its function

– End of Hippocampus arms – Controls emotions like fear, anger, anxiety

Acetylcholine

functions

malfunctions

muscle action, learning and memory

alzheimers disease

Dopamine

functions

malfunctions

movement, learning, attention, emotion

high= schizophrenia, low= parkinsons

serotonin

mood, hunger, sleep, arousal

low=depression

norepinephrine

functions

malfunctions

alertness, arousal

low=depressed mood

GABA

functions

malfunctions

inhibitory

low=seizures and insomnia

Glutamate

functions

malfunctions

memory, excitatory

high= migranes, seizures