IB History: Paper 1 - The Move To Global War (Japanese, Italian and German Expansion) (copy)

Meiji Restoration

A period in 1868 when power was restored to the Emperor of Japan, leading to rapid modernization and the abolishment of the shogun office.

Treaty of Kanagawa

The 1854 treaty that opened Japan to Western trade following Commodore Perry's arrival, ending Japan's isolation.

Oitsuke, oikose

A popular Japanese slogan meaning 'catch up, overtake,' summarizing the nation's expansionist ambitions during the Meiji period.

Tripartite Pact

The September 1940 agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan to provide mutual military assistance.

Mukden Incident

The September 1931 event where the Japanese army staged an attack on its railway, leading to the invasion of Manchuria. It marked the beginning of aggressive Japanese expansion in Asia, prompting international condemnation and establishing a precedent for further military actions.

Anti-Comintern Pact

A pact signed between Japan and Germany in 1936 aimed at opposing communism.

Two-Ocean Naval Expansion Act

A U.S. act passed in July 1940 to encourage naval construction and rearmament in response to growing tensions with Japan.

First Sino-Japanese War

The 1894-1895 war in which Japan defeated China and emerged as a world power.

Lytton Report

The report published in 1932 by the League of Nations which condemned Japan's invasion of Manchuria and recommended its independence.

Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

A concept proposed by Japan, aiming to justify its expansion into Asia as a means to promote economic collaboration among regional nations.

Daimyo

Feudal lords in Japan who held significant power before the Meiji Restoration, alongside samurai.

Shogun

A hereditary military ruler in Japan, whose power was diminished after the Meiji Restoration.

Imperial Rescript on Education

A 1890 document promoting loyalty to the state in Japan, embedding nationalistic values in the education system.

Sino-Japanese War

The war from 1937 to 1941 marked by extensive Japanese military offensives in China, including the Nanjing Massacre.

Anglo-Japanese Alliance

A treaty signed in 1902 that signified Japan's growing status within the international community.

Economic concessions

Privileges granted by a more powerful nation to a weaker one, typically involving resources or territory.

Spazio vitale

A term meaning 'vital space' used by Mussolini, indicating Italy's ambitions for territorial expansion.

Puppet state

A politically dependent state controlled by a more powerful entity, as seen with Manchukuo in Manchuria.

Guomindang (GMD)

The Nationalist Party in China, which sought to unify the country and resist foreign influence.

Communist Party of China (CCP)

The political party founded in 1921 that would ultimately become the ruling party of China after the civil war.

Sino-Japanese War (1937-1941)

A conflict initiated by Japan's invasion of China, resulting in widespread atrocities and military confrontations.