Antisemitism & Zionism, National Unification, European Society, and Imperialism 1860-1914

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on Antisemitism, Zionism, National Unification, and the effects of the Second Industrial Revolution.

Nationalism

Belief in the shared identity, culture, and interests of a people, often tied to forming an independent nation-state.

Realpolitik

Politics based on practical objectives rather than ideals.

Bessemer process

Method for mass-producing steel by blasting air through molten iron, revolutionizing steel production.

Second Industrial Revolution

Period of technological advancements in the late 1800s to early 1900s featuring electricity, steel, and petroleum.

Dictatorship of the proletariat

Transitional state where the working class controls the government to dismantle capitalism and establish communism.

Suffrage

The right to vote, significant for feminists as a symbol and tool of political equality.

Suffragists

Individuals who used peaceful, legal methods to advocate for women's voting rights.

Suffragettes

Militant activists who took confrontational actions to demand women's voting rights.

Jewish Emancipation

The process of gaining equal rights for Jews, particularly in Europe.

Zionism

The movement for the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Class struggle

Conflict between different classes in society, especially the bourgeoisie and proletariat, as proposed by Marx and Engels.

The Communist Manifesto

A political document written by Marx and Engels calling for the working class to rise against capitalist systems.

Cavour

Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont who used diplomacy and limited war to achieve Italian unification.

Otto von Bismarck

Chancellor of Prussia who unified Germany through military strength and strategic wars.

Pogroms

Violent riots aimed at the extermination of Jews, especially in Eastern Europe.

Wright brothers

Orville and Wilbur Wright, who achieved the first powered flight in 1903.