CRIM 454 Final Readings

Hazelwood & Napier

Law enforcement officers’ experience with staging in fatal & non-fatal incidents

Recognize motives for:

* Original act (greed, anger-revenge, attention, game playing)
* Staging (self-preservation & embarrassment-shame)

Keppel & Weis

Staging & posing

* In staged murders, the victims and killers are old & white


* Females are often victims of staged murders
* Posed bodies indicate sexual assault
* Staging & posing are rare

Schlesinger

* Different staging rates based on the relationship between offender and victim


* No staging in serial sexual homicide

Canter & Larkin 

Relationships between an individual's criminal range & location of their home base

* Analyzed sexual offenders' spatial activity
* Marauder model & Commuter model
* Marauder model is strongest

Rossmo

Investigative function of geographic profiling

* Geographic profiling must include applicability, utility, and performance
* Error distance: distance from offenders base to crime location
* The locations of a crime series can be used to determine where an offender resides

Beauregard

* Attitude of the investigator & personal consequences affect if sex offenders confess
* Offender, victim, and case characteristics lead to confessions from sex offenders

Deslauriers-Varin

Examines factors that influence offenders decisions to confess

* Police evidence has the strongest influence on eliciting a confession
* False confessions occur with vulnerable individuals

Leo

* Analyzes contemporary police interrogation practices in the US


* Detectives are successful at eliciting confessions incriminating info from custodial aspects

Bosco

Concerning whether profiling can be admitted in the Courtroom as scientific evidence

* Reliability must be applied to all expert opinions on science
* Profiling is judged on its scientific reliability & relevance
* Must overcome Daubert test to prove methodology of profiling

Kocsis & Palermo

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* Analyzed profiling as a form of expert witness evidence admissible in legal proceedings
* Expert evidence likely to be admitted as evidence if the profilers opinion is relevant to the analysis of crime scene behaviours

Paclebar

Studied the impact of criminal profiling testimony on mock juror decision making

* Little to no evidence that jurors found profiling testimonies persuasive
* Strong case against defendant = increased guilt beliefs
* Weak case against defendant = decreased guilt beliefs

Bennell

Critiques methodological & conceptual foundations of Kocsis' research

* Related to the soundness of their accuracy measurement
* The biases in their methods of analysis
* Validity of their data collection procedure

Snook

* Profiling is an illusion because it has no theoretical grounding or empirical support 


* Profiling should not be used as an investigative tool because it lacks scientific support

James

* Study of harassers of the royal family


* Differences in illness symptomatology & motivation were found for each proxy group
* Querulants were over-represented

Reid

* Suggested to prioritize mental health interventions as a part of risk assessment


* Typology of warning behaviors for assessing the threat of intended violence is proposed
* Public figure studies