Chapter 17: Nutrition, Fitness, and Health

CFE, SP26

Minerals

inorganic elements requited by the body

Vitamins

organic substances that the human body needs but can’t manufacture

Dietary minerals

inorganic substances necessary for life

Bulk structural element and macro mineral

make up more than 99% of all atoms in the human body

Trace elements and ultra trace elements

make up the rest of atoms in the body

Vitamins

specific organic compounds in out diet that ar required to prevent specific diseases

Food

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, minerals, and fibersrC

Creatine

stimulates the production of myosin/building muscle tissue

Iron

Fe²+

Copper

Cu²+

Zinc

Z²+

Sodium

Na^+

Potassium

K^+

Calcium

Ca²+

Magnesium

Mg²+

Chlorine

CI^-

Phosphorus

H2PO4^-

Sulfur

SO4²-

Vitamin D

helps body absorb calcium

Vitamin A

deficiency disease for blindness in children (eyes

Retinol

Vitamin A

Calciferol

Vitamin D2

Vitamin D2

soft bones

a-tocopherol

Vitamin E

Vitamin E

sterility; muscular dystrophy

Phylloquinone

Vitamin K1

Vitamin K1

hemorrhage

Water-soluble vitamins

B,C

Vitamin A

fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for vision,
bone development, and skin maintenance and that may help
resist cancers

B vitamins

class of eight water-soluble vitamins important in maintaining the skin and nervous system

vitamin B3 (niacin)

which helps lower blood cholesterol and provides relief from arthritis

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

which is a coenzyme for more than 100 different enzymes and has been found to be helpful in relieving arthritis

vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

which prevents pernicious anemia

folic acid

which is critical to the nervous system development of a fetus and may help prevent cardiovascular disease

Vitamin C

ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin that serves a number of function, prevents scurvy and promote healing of wounds, burns, and lesions

Vitamin D

steroid-type vitamin that promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus and helps promote healthy bones and prevent rickets.

Vitamin E

is a mixture of tocopherols, an antioxidant that deactivates free radicals and has been used to treat coronary heart disease, angina, high blood pressure,
varicose veins, and other cardiovascular problems.

Dietary Fiber

fiber may be soluble or insoluble. Insoluble fiber is mostly
cellulose, whereas soluble fiber is mostly gums and pectins.
Fiber has a number of benefits. It helps to maintain proper
colon function and may help to control blood sugar and
lower cholesterol levels

Food additives

substances other than basic food stuffs added to food as a result of production, processing, packaging, or storage

Flavor Enhancer

monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Spoilage Inhibitors

Antimicrobials prevent spoilage from molds, yeasts, or bacteria, used to cure meats

Protein deficiency

Leads to retarded growth and development, discoloration of the skin and hair, and a swollen abdomen.

Ghrelin

an appetite stimulant peptide produced in the
stomach

Peptide YY (PYY)

an appetite suppressant peptide

Leptin

protein produced in fat cells. It promotes weight loss. Most obese humans have high blood levels of leptin and are resistant to its effects

Cholecystokinin

peptide produced in the intestine that signals when we have had enough to eat

Malnutrition

occur as a result of eating too much processed food

Measuring fitness

measured by amount of body fat

triphosphate (ATP)

converted to kinetic energy of muscle contraction.

Anaerobic

pyretic is converted to lactic acid, muscle fatigue