HENRY VIII ART CULTURE HUMANISM AND INTELLECTUALISM

What were Henry and Edward great patrons of?

music

What song did henry compose?

Greensleeves

why was the translation of the Bible to English pivotal?

hugely important for English language but was restricted due to 1543 act for advancement of true religion

What was the biggest influence on church music?

flemish

How did Cromwell take an interest in education?

mentioned in 1536 royal injuctions (and ten commandments) lords prayer etc

What wa the main form of architecture in this period?

Gothic (late medieval)

What style did painters at court follow?

the northern Renaissance style, influenced more by gothic stye than the italian renaissance

Who was the best known painter at henry’s court?

Holbein

Who was the best paid painter at henry’s court?

Horenbout

What is a good examole of the popular classical style of the renaissance?

Rod screen in the chapel at Kings College Cambridge (made in 1530s and celebrates the Boleyn marriage)

What feature on a house where a symbol of wealth?

windows, chimneys

How did Wolsey design hampton Court?

in a more classical design

How do we know about he remarkable increase in people’s possessions?

act in 1529 which required inventories to be made upon the death of an individual

How many residences did Henry have by his death?

over 60

What view did Thomas More’s Utopia follow?

the aristotlian view that one should participate in society to improve it

Whixh was the only palace with real architectural imagine?

Nonsuch which was meant to rival Fontainbleau (palace of Francis I)

What style was Nonsuch built in?

Gothic

How were the temporary palaces at Field of cloth of gold built?

brick, timber, canvas

What is interesting about Henrys palaces?

built more palaces and had more palaces than any other monarchs

How was henry’s in defence of the seven sacraments seen?

humanistic piece

What happened to buildings as the wars of the roses came to an end?

caused an end to the old medieval fortified houses/castles as they were no longer needed so people transformed their houses into more luxurious stately homes that still exist today

What did the Duke of Buckingham build, what happened?

rebuilt Thornbury House, in the 1521 charges levied he was accused of extravagance and this house rivalled Henry’s palaces

WHat developments in nature were occuring?

Henry comissioned italian sculpture Torrigiano to produce tombs of his parents and grandmother in Westminster bbey which were fone in the classical style of the renaissance

What did Plato advise about humanism, what happened?

Humanists whould be neutral in politics, but the reformation and the BWR which forced humanists in England to take a side and in the end more radical humanists won (Cromwell, Boleyns, Cranmer Latimer)

What is an example of gentry buying up monastic lands?

Writhesley transforms Titvhfield house

After the BWR, how did Henry reduce the wealth of the Bishops?

some were made to give up their houses, these were then bought by gentry who tramsformed them, eg Edward Seymour got the house of the Bishop of Chester and transformed it into Somerset house

When do renaissance ideas gain traction?

start under Henry VII but flourish under Henry VIII

Which thinkers did Henry encourage?

More, Colet and Erasmus

What level did scholars occupy in society?

fairly low so were dependent on wealthy patrons

Why did Henry not have time for the pacifist humanists?

he wanted military glory

What was Wolsey endowed with?

a professorship in Greek at Oxford

What did Wolsey found?

Cardinal College oxford and a school in Ipswich, both based on humanist principles

Why was Wolsey praised by Erasmus?

for his commitment to humanist education

How was Erasmus influenced?

dutch humanist was a friend of Fisher and More and influenced the younger generation of english humanists

What did John Colet re-found?

st Pauls school London, appointed school governers from the city guilds rather than the church. Also created a new curriculum that included the ideas of Erasmus and humanists principles. The headmaster William Lily was a humanist

What did more schools begin following?

a humanist currivulum

What did Henry see himself as promoting?

new ideas

Who were some key humanist writers?

Thomas Starkey and Thomas Lupset

What did humanists criticise/

corruption in the church

What did the king need in diplomats?

well educated ones who could communicate with ambassadors and foreign courtiers

Where did a knowledge of classical learning increase/

in the nobility and gentry

Where does Humanism only really exist?

in acadmeic circles, with very little influence on ordianry people

When did More demonstrate support for erasmus?

in 1518 in a debate at Pxford when some dons had condemned the use of Greek (Erasmus had translated the new testament into Greek in 1516)

How was Magdelen Scjool Oxford importnt for humanists?

at the front of educational reform, adopted Platonist educational principles (based on plato) this helped to develop ideas and experimentation, a move away from Aristotle and medieval philosophy. It also promoted the idea that the main purpose of education was to produce ‘philosopher kings’ (not literally but the idea they should have public service isntilled in them)