Anatomy Unit 1

tuberosity

a large bump on a bone that serve as attachment for other structures

tubercule

a smaller bump on a bone that serve as attachment for other structures

process

a projection from a bone that serves as attachment for other structures

spinous process

a longer and thinner projection of bone

fossa

a smooth, hollow surface on a bone that usually functions as a source of attachment for other structures

notch

an area on a bone that appears to be cut out and allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves

foramen

is similar in function to a notch but appears as a hole in a bone

condyle

are large bony knobs at the end of large bones

facet

is a smaller and flatter smooth surface than the fossa that also serves as attachments for other structures

epiphyseal plate

also known as growth plates that closes once the bone has reached its maximum length (maturity)

periosteum

is a layer of tissue around the entire bone

medullary cavity

stores the bone marrow. It produces blood cells and stores fat.  

articular surface

provides smooth movement between the bones that make up a joint and protects the end of the bones from wear and tear

short bones

do not possess diaphysis

bone function

includes support, protection, movement, mineral storage, cell formation

epicondyle

smaller bony knobs that sometimes appear just above the condyles of a bone

arthrology

is the study of joints

ligaments

are fibrous connective tissue that hold bones together

articulation

is where two or more bones join

diarthrodial

is distinguished by a separation of the bones and the presence of a joint cavity. It has the greatest amount of movement

synovial fluid

is released by the synovial membrane and lubricates the joint and provides nutrients to joint structure

synarthrodial

have no separation or joint cavity

ligaments, muscles, tendons

The strength, number, and anatomical position of __________ determine joint strength, as do the number and strength of _________ and _________ crossing the joint.

joint structure, thickness and elasticity of ligaments and other tissues, amount of fat and muscular tissue

Degree of movement depends on ____.

fusiform

spindle‑shaped skeletal muscle with a thick central belly and tapered ends

quadrate

skeletal muscle characterized by its square or rectangular shape

triangular

skeletal muscle characterized by its triangular shape

unipennate

skeletal muscle in which fibers are arranged obliquely on one side of a central tendon

bipennate

skeletal muscle in which fibers are arranged obliquely on both sides of a central tendon

longitudinal

muscle fibers that run lengthwise along a structure

multipennate

skeletal muscle in which multiple groups of muscle fibers are arranged obliquely between several internal tendons that converge onto a single main tendon

third class lever

most common lever in the human body

second class lever

most efficient lever in the human body

first class lever

least common lever in the human body