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the writers or speakers position on a debatable issue or problem
claim
the closing paragraph or section of an essay, argument or narrative
conclusion
an idea that is contrary to the authors position or point of view
counterclaim
fact, statistics, numerical data, quotations, specific examples, and expert opinions that support a specific claim
evidence
an explanation that states why others should accept a claim
reason
the part of the counter argument that attempts to disprove the opposing opinion
rebuttal
a device writers use to make their argument appeal to readers
rhetorical appeal