ExCPT review

qd

once daily

bid

twice daily

tid

3 times daily

qid

4 times daily

qod

every other day

qam

every morning

hs or qhs

at bedtime

os

left eye

od

right eye

ou

both eyes

as

left ear

ad

right ear

au

both ears

ac

before meals

pc

after meals

achs

before meals and at bedtime

pchs

after meals and at bedtime

I

1

V

5

X

10

L

50

C

100

D

500

M

1000

IV

4

VI

6

VIII

8

XII

12

XVI

16

1 tsp =

5 mL

1T =

3 tsp = 15 mL

2.2 lb =

1 kg

30 ml =

1 fl oz approximate

30 g =

1 oz

8 oz =

1 cup

2 cups in a pint =

480 mL

2 pints in a quart =

960 mL

4 quarts in a gallon =

3840 mL

100 units =

mL ( used for insulin )

1 gr ( grain =

60 mg or 65 mg approximate

1 inch =

2.54cm

1L =

1000mL

1 gram =

1000 mg

qod/QOD

ISMP Error Prone Abbreviations

nitrostat

sublingual (sl)

does not require a childproof lid (poison prevention packaging act of 1970)

side effect - headache

stored in the original, airtight amber glass container - to protect from light

contraindication with erectile dysfunction meds - viagra (sildenafil) and cialis (tadalafil)

analgesics are used for?

anything for pain

acetaminophen (apap)

only for pain and fever, not an anti-inflammatory

does not thin blood like NSAIDS do

generally safe to take in pregnancy and for children

max dose per day is 4000 mg (4g) - (liver toxicity - hepatotoxicity)

NSAIDS - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

thin the blood

can cause GI bleeding

not safe in pregnancy

NSAIDS contraindicated with warfarin (coumadin, jantoven)

ibuprofen (advil, motrin)

naproxen (aleve, naprosyn)

meloxicam (mobic)

celecoxib (celebrex) - cox 2 inhibitor

aspirin (ecotrin, bayer) - reye’s syndrome

ACE inhibitors (blood pressure)

-pril

beta blockers (blood pressure)

-olol or -ilol

ARBs (blood pressure)

-sartan

proton pump inhibitors (PPIs - GERD)

-prazole

fluroquinolones (antibiotic)

-floxacin

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (cholesterol)

-statin

beta agonists (asthma)

-terol

steroids (asthma)

-one, -sone, -olone

benzodiazephines (anxiety)

-azepam

selective 5 HT receptor agonist (migraine)

-triptan

antifungals

-azole

H2 receptor blockers (GERD)

-tidine

antivirals

-vir

zoster vaccine (shingles)

for 65 and over

seasonal flu vaccine

6 months and up - given yearly

varicella

12 months and up

stored in the freezer

MMRV (anything with v in freezer)

pneumococcal (pneumonia)

60 and up

HPV

9 to 27 y/o

where are vaccine errors are reported to?

VAERS

tetanus

vaccine

DAW 0

generic authorized by prescriber and patient (substitution permitted)

DAW 1

dr indicates name brand only (no substitution permitted)

DAW 2

dr authorizes generic (substitution permitted) but the patient wants name brand

medical devices class 1

lowest potential for harm

medical devices class 2

devices with established standards

medical devices class 3

devices that include life support systems

medication recalls class 1

strong chance of serious adverse effects or death

medication recalls class 2

temporary (but reversible) chance of adverse effect or little chance

medication recalls class 3

not likely to cause adverse effects

who can initiate recalls?

FDA and manufacturers

DEA 222

used to order and return c2’s, also used if transferring to another pharmacy

DEA 106

used to report theft or loss of controlled substances- robbery of pharmacy is reported to the DEA

DEA 41

used to request permission from the DEA to destroy controlled substances

how to verify a DEA number?

add 1st+3rd+5th digits

add 2nd+4th+6th digits and double it

add the 2 totals together

if the last number of the digit matches the last DEA number then it is legit

DEA numbers are required on hard copies of Rx’s for?

controlled medication

orange book

used to determine which drugs are therapeutical equivalent (bioequivalent)

USP-NF

aids in adherence with standards and lists new product development/approvals (everything has to meet minimum standards)

ISMP (medication safety alerts)

published every 2 months to educate health care workers about medication error preventions and near misses

PDR (physician desk reference)

reprint of product package inserts published yearly

facts and comparisons

drug monographs containing medication interactions and contraindications

safety data sheets

dangers of hazardous chemicals and actions to take if exposed

durham humphrey

defined 2 categories of drugs, legend (prescription) and over-the-counter (must say Rx on the label from manufacturer)

kefauver harris

required that all drug products must be safe and effective (because of thalidomide)

the comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act of 1970 (controlled substance act)

drugs with potential for abuse were classified into 5 schedules

OBRA

requires counseling by pharmacist (originally for medicaid, now for all prescriptions)

what does HIPAA protect?

PHI (protected health information)

how much information does HIPAA give out?

only the minimum amount of info necessary

where are HIPAA violations reported to?

health and human services

orphan drug act

this act offers federal financial incentives to commercial and nonprofit organizations to develop and market drugs previously unavailable in the united states

black box warning

required for medications that carry serious safety risks. the FDA’s most stringent warning

SSRI medicine include

fluoxetine

sertraline

paroxetine

citalopram

escitalopram