demographic changed in the uk since 1900

tranter - 1966

over ¾ of the decline from 1850s to 1970s was due to fall in number of deaths from infectious diseases

thomas mckeown - 1972

improved nutrition accounted for up to ½ of reduction in death rates. =social +economic improvements brought down death rate

birth rates

number of births per 1000 of the population per year

-they have fallen significantly since beginning of 20th centuary

baby booms

-fluctuations of birth rates e.g during both world wars

-happened in 1960 as living standards rose but in 2000s women delayed having children until older.

-contraception now more affective as easier, safer cheaper since 67

negatives of ageing population

-puts pressure on services such as social and health care

-older ppl get stuck in healthcare as no facilities available to them in community = puts pressure on routine operations and spending on healthcare

Hirsch 05

ratio of working people to non working. working people pay taxes which go to pensions + education so you need more working people and less dependence to keep taxes low.

scenario A) the better scenario

-pensioners:20%

-workers:60%

-children:20%

scenario B)

-pensioners:35%

-workers:50%

-children: 15%

triple shift

women may end up caring for elderly members. women do paid work, housework and emotional work, this is when they care for children and elderly members of the family.

Is age a social construct?

Townsend -many older people now work longer, more people more economically active when older and contribute to economy through paying taxes. ppl more physically active + continue with hobbies

Family types as a result of ageing population

beanpole families - grandparent - parent - child

-demographic changes have meant new family types. increase in divorce + ppl choosing to have children on their own has led to beanpole family which makes economic sense and allows sharing of childcare.

ageing population valuable as consumers

Blaike- resource known as grey pound meaning they have a lot of disposable income so can spend it on leisure, food, holidays + electrical goods which contribute to economy.