Cell Cycle Biology 1 Honors 1

What are two problems caused by cell growth?

1. Too many demands on the DNA; 2. Traffic problems due to not enough surface area for transporting materials.

What defines asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction involves one parent, produces identical offspring, and is better suited for stable environments.

What defines sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction involves two parents, creates genetically unique offspring, and is advantageous in changing environments.

What are chromatids made of?

Chromatids are made of chromatin.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus.

What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the division of everything else in the cell.

What happens if only mitosis occurs without cytokinesis?

One cell with 2 nuclei

What happens if you have a cell with cytokinesis but no mitosis

You would have 2 cells where one has more genetic info than the other

What regulates the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is regulated by cyclins, growth factors, internal regulators, and external regulators.

What are cyclins?

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

What are growth factors?

Growth factors are chemicals that stimulate cells to grow and divide.

What are internal regulators?

Internal regulators are proteins that react to events inside the cell and allow the cycle to proceed only when certain processes are completed.

What are external regulators?

External regulators are proteins that respond to events outside the cell and can speed up or slow down the cell cycle.

What happens during prophase?

During prophase, centrioles move to opposite sides, spindle fibers form, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromosomes condense.

What occurs during metaphase?

During metaphase, centromeres line up along the cell's equator.

What happens in anaphase?

In anaphase, chromatids move apart to opposite poles of the cell.

What occurs during telophase?

During telophase, the process is the opposite of prophase,

Why is surface area important for cells?

Surface area is critical for cells as it affects the rate of material exchange in and out of the cell.