HAPP 1 - Carbohydrate Metabolism I

Anabolism

Synthesis

Catabolism

Degradation

Catabolic Pathways

Delivers chemical energy in the form of NADH, NADPH, FADH2, GTP, and ATP

Anabolic Pathways

Energy carriers in catabolic pathways are used to convert small precursor molecules into cellular macromolecules

Source of energy used by the brain during extreme exercise/stress

Ketones

Source of energy used by the brain during normal conditions and exercise/stress

Glucose

Source of energy used by heart under normal conditions

FFA (free fatty acids)

Source of energy used by the heart during exercise/stress and extreme exercise/stress

Glucose

Source of energy used by muscle under normal conditions

Glucose

Source of energy used by muscle during exercise/stress and extreme exercise/stress

FFA (free fatty acids)

Source of energy used by red blood cells under ALL conditions

Glucose

What is glycogen?

A polymer of glucose

What is glycogen used for?

When glucose is needed, glycogen degrades into glucose (glucose 6-phosphate) via glucogenolysis

Two phases of glycolysis

Preparatory phase (1-5) and payoff phase (6-10)

Net result of glycolysis

2 ATP per molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate

In the preparatory phase each molecule of glucose forms

2 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

In the payoff phase glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate yields

Pyruvate

For each glucose molecule in the payoff phase ____ ATP molecules are consumed and ____ ATP molecules are produced, giving a net yield of ____ ATP

2, 4, 2

How are electrons transferred to NAD+ to form NADH?

GPDH oxidizes the aldehyde group of G-3-P to a carboxyl group

How is liquor made?

Pyruvate to ethanol formation

Why do muscles get sore after intense exercise?

Anaerobic pyruvate to lactate reduction; pyruvate cannot be oxidized due to lack of O2

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1; enzyme 1) depends on

Thyamine pyrophosphate