Lipid Metabolism (I) - Lecture Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, definitions, and processes related to lipid metabolism as discussed in the lecture.

What are the main classes of lipids involved in biological importance?

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol.

What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

Bile salts emulsify dietary fats in the small intestine, increasing surface contact for lipolytic pancreatic enzymes.

How is a saturated fatty acid named?

By using the name of its parent hydrocarbon followed by "-oic".

What type of structure do triacylglycerols have?

Triacylglycerols consist of three fatty acids esterified to glycerol.

What does HDL do in lipid metabolism?

HDL transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.

What is the function of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)?

LPL hydrolyzes triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol in capillaries.

What causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

An absence or deficiency of functional LDL receptors.

What are the ideal total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels?

Total cholesterol should be below 200 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg/dL.

What role do hormonal signals play in triglyceride metabolism?

Hormones like epinephrine and glucagon lead to increased cAMP levels, activating lipolysis.

What is the significance of cis double bonds in fatty acids?

Cis double bonds create kinks in the fatty acid chain, affecting fluidity and functionality.