Key Concepts in Nuclear Chemistry Save

Nuclear Chemistry

Study of the nucleus and how it changes.

Quark

Tiny particle that makes up protons and neutrons.

Strong Nuclear Force

The force that holds the nucleus together.

Radioactivity

When an unstable nucleus breaks down and gives off energy or particles.

Alpha Emission

Gives off a helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 neutrons). Weak - stopped by paper.

Beta Emission

Gives off a fast electron. Medium strength - stopped by metal.

Gamma Emission

Gives off energy (no mass). Strong - needs lead to stop.

Half-Life

Time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

Transmutation

One element changes into another.

Fission

Big nucleus splits into smaller ones + energy (used in power plants).

Fusion

Small nuclei join to make one big nucleus + energy (happens in stars).

Particle Accelerator

Machine that speeds particles to smash atoms.

Nuclear Reactor

Machine that controls fission to make energy safely.