TOP - Quiz #2 | Jung, Horney, and Klein

Carl Jung

Decided to be a physician after dreaming of scientific discoveries.

Analytical Psychology

Healthy individuals in contact with their conscious world but also allows themselves to experience their unconscious self; Goal is to achieve Individuation.

1. Conscious

2. Personal Unconscious

3. Collective Unconscious

Levels of Psyche

Conscious

Psychic images sensed by our ego.

Ego

The center of consciousness but NOT as the core personality.

Personal Unconscious

Repressed, forgotten, or sublimally perceived experiences.

Complexes

Things that are in the personal unconscious (i.e. what we think and those that are hidden in ourselves)

Collective Unconscious

Ideas from the experiences INHERITED FROM OUR ANCESTORS.

Archetypes

Archaic images derived from the collective unconscious

1. Persona

2. Shadow

3. Anima

4. Animus

5. Wise Old Man

6. Great Mother

7. Hero

8. The Self

Kinds of Archetypes

Persona

Personality that people show to the world; Personality of an individual that they want people to see only.

Shadow

Qualities we DO NOT WISH TO ACKNOWLEDGE but attempts to HIDE from ourselves and others.

Anima

Feminine side of men

Animus

Masculine side of the women

Wise old man

Wisdom and meaning; An archetype described by Jung that symbolizes humans' preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life.

Great Mother

An archetype that consists of two opposing forces: (1) Fertility and nourishment and (2) Power & Destruction.

Hero

An archetype represented in mythology and legends as powerful person, who fights against great odds; In comparison to real-life, these are people who help other willingly without waiting for anything in return.

The Self

Inherited tendency to move toward growth, perfection, and completion; Most important archetype because it represents the pysche as a whole & product of individuation.

Dynamics of Personality

Behavior is shaped by both CAUSALITY and TELEOLOGY

Progression

Forward flow of psychic energy; Necessary for adaptation to outside world.

Regression

Backward flow of psychic energy; Necessary for adaptation to inner world.

Attitudes

Predisposition to act in a characteristic direction.

Introversion

Turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the SUBJECTIVE

Extraversion

Turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the OBJECTIVE and away from subjective.

1. Thinking

2. Feeling

3. Sensation

4. Intuition

FUNCTIONS of Psychological Types

Thinking

Logically intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas.

Feeling

EVALUATING an idea or event.

Sensation

Receives PHYSICAL STIMULI and transmits them to perceptual consciousness.

Intuition

Perception beyond the workings of consciousness; Hunch

1. Childhood

2. Youth

3. Middle Life

4. Old Age

5. Self-Realization (Individuation)

Stages of Development (Carl Jung's Theory)

Anarchic

"Islands of consciousness" may exist, but there is little to NO CONNECTION among these islands. Subcomponent during childhood phase; Pre-ego phase.

Monarchic

Children see themselves objectively and in a third person point of view; Not that subjective anymore.

Dualistic

Childhood phase where the ego is divided into the objective and subjective; Balance between being subjective and objective.

Youth

The period from puberty until middle life; Strive to gain psychic and physical independence and make a place in the world.

Middle Life

Begins at approximately age 35 or 40; Period of anxiety and potential.

Old Age

Diminution of consciousness; Death is the goal of life. They are not so intact of what is happening and people prepare for death.

Self-Realization

Requires assimilation of unconsciousness into total self; Process of integrating opposites into a harmonious self; RARELY ACHIEVED.

1. Word Association Test

2. Dream Analysis

3. Active Imagination

4. Psychotherapy

Jung's Method of Investigation

Word Association Test

Person responds to a stimulus words with any first word that comes to mind to elicit emotional reaction.

Dream Analysis

Springs from the depth of unconscious and that their latent meaning is EXPRESSED IN SYMBOLIC FORM.

Active Imagination

Person to begin with any impression and to concentrate until the impression begins to "move."

Psychotherapy

Therapist must first be transformed into a healthy human being. Only after the transformation and an established philosophy of life is the therapist able to help patients toward individuation.

Karen Horney

One of the first women in Germany to be admitted to Medical School; specialized in Psychiatry.

Individuation

In-contact with conscious self and embrace the things that are on your unconscious.

Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Social and cultural conditions are largely responsible for shaping personality.

Basic Hostility

Arise when parents do not satisfy child's needs for safety and satisfaction.

Basic Anxiety

A feeling of being isolated and helpless in a world conceived as potentially hostile; Feeling that they are alone in a world that is there to harm them.

1. Moving TOWARD people

2. Moving AGAINST people

3. Moving AWAY from people

3 Neurotic Trends; Result of Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety

Neurotic Needs

Nonproductive and maladaptive that are opposed to the basic needs and that block psychological health whether or not they are satisfied; attempts to reduce basic anxiety.

Neurotics

Horney's term for psychologically unhealthy individuals.

1. The neurotic need for affection and approval

2. The neurotic need for a powerful partner

3. The neurotic need to restrict one's life within narrow borders

4. The neurotic need for power

5. The neurotic need to exploit others

6. The neurotic need for social recognition or prestige

7. The neurotic need for personal admiration

8. The neurotic need for ambition and personal achievement

9. The neurotic need for self-sufficiency and independence

10. The neurotic need for perfection and unassailability

10 Neurotic Needs

Moving Toward People (The Compliant Personality)

Neurotic needs 1-3; Protect oneself against feelings of helplessness; willing to subordinate themselves to others, to see others as more intelligent/attractive, and to rate themselves according to want others think of them.

Moving Against People (The Aggressive Personality)

Hostility to other people; appears tough but deep inside, they focus on exploiting other people; neurotic need 4-8

Moving Away from People (The Detached Personality)

Tend to isolate the self; asocial; they build their own worlds and refuses to get close to people. Neurotic need 9-10.

Intrapsychic Conflicts

Inner conflicts that both normal and neurotic individuals experience; subjective

The Idealized Self-Image

Extravagantly positive view of themselves that exists only in their personal belief system.

Neurotic search for glory

Incorporate the idealized self into ALL ASPECTS OF THEIR LIVES.

Tyranny of the should

Striving toward an imaginary picture of perfection; unconsciously tell themselves "Forget about the disgraceful creature you actually are; this is how you should be."

Neurotic Claims

A fanstasy world, a world that is out of sync with the real world; proclaim that they are special and therefore entitled to be treated with their idealized self. If things do not go their way, they think that people is the problem and not them.

Neurotic Pride

A false pride based not on a realistic view of the true self but on a spurious image of the idealized self. Proclaimed in order to protect and support a glorified view of oneself.

Ikaw na lang nakakaalam na magaling ka, create situations to glorify and boost themselves.

Self-Hatred

Never be happy with themselves; they begin to hate and despise themselves if the real self does not match the insatiable demands of their idealized self.

1. Relentless demands on the self

2. Merciless self-accusation

3. Self-contempt

4. Self-frustration

5. Self-torment

6. Self-destructive

6 major ways in which people express self-hatred

Feminine Psychology

Psychological differences between men and women are due to culture and social expectations rather than anatomy.

Masculine Protest

Horney agreed with Adler regarding this concept where Klein believes that women possess this and that they have pathological belief that men are superior to women.

1. Help patients grow to self-realization

2. Give up their idealized self-image

3. Relinquish their neurotic search for glory

4. Change self-hatred to self-acceptance

5. Focus on love, mastery, and freedom

Goals of Horneyian Psychotherapy

Melanie Klein

Specialized in Psychoanalysis in infants

Object Relations Theory

Built on observations of young children; Infant's drives are drived by object (breast)

1. Emphasizes consistent patterns of interpersonal relationships

2. Stresses intimacy and nurturing (maternal)

3. Human Relatedness as prime motive of human behavior

3 Difference of Klein's Theory to Freud's

Phantasies

Infants possess an active fantasy life; most basic fantasies are of what if "good" and "bad."

Good Breast

Breast that could provide the needs; high tendency of good impact to their lives

Bad Breast

Breast that could not provide the needs; Equivalent to bad mother

Objects

Beast; Introjected or taken into child's fantasy world and have a life of their own.

Paranoid-Schizoid Position

First 3 or 4 months of the infants; organizing experiences in way that includes both feelings of persecution and splitting of internal and external objects into the good and bad. There is SEGREGATION or IDENTIFICATION of the good and bad breast/experiences.

Depressive Position

5th or 6th Month of the infants; infant begins to view external objects as whole and to see that good and bad can EXIST IN THE SAME PERSON; anxiety over losing a loved object and sense of guilt for wanting to destroy loved object.

1. Introjection

2. Projection

3. Splitting

4. Projective Identification

4 Psychic Defense Mechanisms

Introjection

A type of Psychic Defense Mechanisms wherein infants fantasize taking INTO THEIR BODY those perceptions and experiences that they have had with the external object, originally the mother's breast; Fantasize that the breast is always there or with them.

Projection

A type of Psychic Defense Mechanisms wherein one's own feelings and impulses actually reside IN ANOTHER PERSON and NOT WITHIN one's body.

Splitting

Keeping apart incompatible impulses; Infants develop a picture of both the "good me" and "bad me" that enables them to deal with both pleasurable and destructive impulses toward the object.

Projective Identification

Infants split off unacceptable parts of themselves, project them into another objects, and finally introject them back into themselves in a changed or distorted form.

Internalization

Person takes in aspects of the external world and then organizes those introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework.

Ego

According to Klein, it is one's sense of self; reaches maturity at a MUCH EARLIER STAGE

Superego

Emerges much earlier in life; it is more harsh and cruel

Oedipus Complex

Begins during the earliest months of life, overlaps with the oral and anal stages, and reaches its climax during the genital stage at around age of 3 or 4.

Male Oepidal Complex

BOY shifts some of his oral desire FROM HIS MOTHER'S BREAST TO HIS FATHER'S PENIS

Female Oepidal Complex

LITTLE GIRL sees her mother as RIVAL and fantasize robbing her mother of her father's penis & stealing her mother's babies.

1. Margaret Mahler

2. Heinz Kohut

3. John Bowlby

4. Mary Ainsworth

4 Proponents Mentioned in Later Views of Object Relations

Margaret Mahler

Observed infants and mother interaction during the FIRST THREE YEARS of the infants' lives; examined changed from SECURITY to AUTONOMY.

1. Normal Autism (birth through 3-4 weeks)

2. Normal Symbiosis (4th week-5th month)

3. Separation-Individuation (5th-36th month)

Three Major Developmental Stages of Margaret Mahler

Normal Autism

all needs are satisfied automatically without having the infant to deal with external world; primary caregiver gives the needs without the child needing to be aggressive.

Normal Symbiosis

Marked by a DUAL UNITY of infant and mother; Kailangan ng cooperation between mother and infant to satisfy the needs.

Separation-Individuation

Marked by the child's becoming an individual separate from its mother; longest part of the theory. The child already established his capabilities and there is progression/process to what he cam do without needing much from the primary caregiver.

Heinz Kohut

Created the two narcissistic needs; emphasized the process of development of the self. Infants are self-centered.

To exhibit the grandiose self

One of the two narcissistic needs by Heinz Kohut wherein "If others see me as perfect, then I am perfect."

To acquire an idealized image of parents

One of the two narcissistic needs by Heinz Kohut wherein "You are perfect, but I am part of you."

Kung magaling or perfect parents nila, then they are too. Inaabsorb ano tingin sa parents.

John Bowlby

Tried to integrate with evolutionary theory.

Separation Anxiety

Fear of losing sight of their primary caregivers.

1. Protest

2. Despair

3. Detachment

3 Stages of separation anxiety by John Bowlby

Protest

Infants will cry, resist soothing by other people, and search only for their primary caregiver.

Despair

Become quiet, sad, passive, listless and apathetic; negative emotions of a child or sometimes tend to not show emotions because they got used of not seeing their primary caregiver.

Detachment

Emotionally detached from other people, including their caregiver. If mother returns, infants will disregard or avoid her.