Wetlands Labs

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10 Terms

1
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Dip/Sweep Net or D-frame Net

  • quantitative method

  • pelagic and submerged plant inverts (backswimmers, nymphs, water boatmen)

  • standardized sweep at multiple spots (certain depth or rotate certain distance)

  • accuracy depends on mesh size and skill, mesh size determines inverts retained 

<ul><li><p>quantitative method</p></li><li><p>pelagic and submerged plant inverts (backswimmers, nymphs, water boatmen)</p></li><li><p>standardized sweep at multiple spots (certain depth or rotate certain distance)</p></li><li><p>accuracy depends on mesh size and skill, mesh size determines inverts retained&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Stovepipe

  • quantitative method

  • benthic (bottom dwelling) or water column inverts

  • diameter of stovepipe used to quantify area sampled

  • standardized # of hand nets drawn from stovepipe across sites as a “sample of a sample” 

<ul><li><p>quantitative method </p></li><li><p>benthic (bottom dwelling) or water column inverts</p></li><li><p>diameter of stovepipe used to quantify area sampled</p></li><li><p>standardized # of hand nets drawn from stovepipe across sites as a&nbsp;“sample of a sample”&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Benthic Corer

  • quantitative method 

  • benthic (bottom dwelling) inverts (mostly worms)

  • diameter of core used to quantify area sampled 

<ul><li><p>quantitative method&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>benthic (bottom dwelling) inverts (mostly worms)</p></li><li><p>diameter of core used to quantify area sampled&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Eckman Dredge/ Eckman Grab 

  • quantitative method 

  • benthic inverts in water that’s too deep to be accessible

  • surface area of base used to estimate area sampled

  • best in soft sediments and not good in vegetation or stony sediments 

<ul><li><p>quantitative method&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>benthic inverts in water that’s too deep to be accessible</p></li><li><p>surface area of base used to estimate area sampled</p></li><li><p>best in soft sediments and not good in vegetation or stony sediments&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Aerial sweepnet

  • quantitative method 

  • aerial inverts (dragonflies, mayflies, stoneflies)

  • mesh size determines inverts retained

<ul><li><p>quantitative method&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>aerial inverts (dragonflies, mayflies, stoneflies)</p></li><li><p>mesh size determines inverts retained</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Wash bucket

  • used to wash out excess sediment and detritus primarily from benthic core and stovepipe samples

  • not a technique necessarily, but the mesh size determines what subset of inverts are “kept”

<ul><li><p>used to wash out excess sediment and detritus primarily from benthic core and stovepipe samples </p></li><li><p>not a technique necessarily, but the mesh size determines what subset of inverts are “kept”</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Quadrats

  • simple way to sample a habitat of interest

  • used to measure vegetation characteristics, such as percent cover, species dominance, diversity, and biomass/productivity estimates

  • Daubenmire cover class estimation = using a quadrat to put coverages into broad “bins” rather than estimating to the nearest percent

<ul><li><p>simple way to sample a habitat of interest</p></li><li><p>used to measure vegetation characteristics, such as percent cover, species dominance, diversity, and biomass/productivity estimates</p></li><li><p>Daubenmire cover class estimation = using a quadrat to put coverages into broad&nbsp;“bins” rather than estimating to the nearest percent</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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Line intercept/transect

  • used to assess changes in species composition, structure, or other characteristics over a linear distance

  • Record the instances where a plant “intercepts” the line

  • Percent/relative species dominance expressed as the proportion of the line rather than the area that they occup

9
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robel pole

  • used to measure visual obstruction as an index of vegetation density/biomass

  • a 1-2 meter pole with bands on it used as measurements and a 4 m rope/string attached to the top

  • only used for density estimate when enough veg is present to cause visual occlusion (blockage)

<ul><li><p>used to measure visual obstruction as an index of vegetation density/biomass</p></li><li><p>a 1-2 meter pole with bands on it used as measurements and a 4 m rope/string attached to the top</p></li><li><p>only used for density estimate when enough veg is present to cause visual occlusion (blockage)</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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chi-square test (habitat selection)

compares the number of observations of target group in each habitat type to the proportions of those habitat types

E(O-E)²/E

  • O = observed number of observations

  • E = expected number of observations

  • in this case, 1 degree of freedom b/c we have 2 categories

  • P-value greater than 0.05 = not statistically significant