Exam 2 Practice question (ch15)

The difference between insomnia and narcolepsy is _________

Insomnia causes people to have difficulty falling asleep when they want to, while narcolepsy causes people to fall asleep when they do not want to.

You go out with a friend one night and he assures you that he is going to be your designated driver because he has figured out a way around getting drunk. He tells you that if he switches between beer and hard liquor, he will remain sober longer. Are you going to feel safe driving with him later in the night?

No, switching between alcohol types will lead to drunkenness quicker than sticking with one type of alcohol.

When you feel drowsy late at night, it is a result of activity occurring within your ______.

Hypothalamus

The most powerful natural stimulant is ________.

Cocaine

If one is having trouble sleeping, like with insomnia, she or he may go to their family doctor. Which type of drug is the doctor most likely to prescribe to assist the person in falling asleeo?

Sedative-hypnotics

Considering dreaming, repressed unconscious wishes are to _______ as brain activation during sleep is to ________.

Freud; Hobson and McCarley

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning cocaine use in the United States?

At one time, cocaine was an ingredient in Coca Cola.

What is the most frequently used illegal drug in the United States?

Marijuana

Although he knows that it is wrong, Sean has a crush on his new stepmom. He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after. What aspect of dreaming does this represent?

Wish fulfilment

Your friend has experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. He is laughing at a joke you just told him and suddenly falls to the ground sound asleep. Your friend is probably suffering from ________.

Narcolepsy

A circadian rhythm is roughly ________ hours long.

24

What is the best pharmacological explanation scientists have been able to come up with to explain the experience of flashbacks after taking LSD?

The ingestion of LSD changes the way the thalamus routes incoming sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Although its use would be illegal, and highly ill-advised, who might benefit from cocaine use in the short term

Ullie, who is depressed

Which of the following disorders can occur when an individual has damage to their brain stem and they are unable to respond to anything around them but are conscious of the events happening around them?

Locked-in syndrome

Research has shown that most dreams deal with _________.

Problem-solving everyday issues

Franky is at the fair. He is inside the house of mirrors. Which drug may duplicate the images he is seeing?

LSD

Gigi has taken some LSD and is experiencing its psychedelic effects. Which neurotransmitter systems seem to be impacted by LSD?

Serotonin and dopamine

In a strange condition called sex sleep, or _________ people engage in sexual acts while asleep and don’t remember what occurred after they awoken.

Sexsomnia

Stimulation of the _______ is capable of waking macaque monkeys from a deep state of unconsciousness brought on by an anesthetic.

Central lateral thalamus

According to Hobson, “protoconsciousness” is ________.

A primitive or primary state of brain organization that starts to develop even before birth and is the building clock of consciousness

Suzanne’s son has been under a lot of stress at school. Last night while sleeping, he began screaming and shaking. What did her son probably experience?

A night terror

_________ occurs when people require larger amounts of a drug to experience the same effects experienced during initial usage.

Tolerance

With the use of even the tiniest amounts of which of the following drugs would a person experience extreme changes in perceptions and consciousness?

LSD

A client tells his therapist about a dream in which he drives his wife to the airport where she boards a plane. As the plane takes off, he is smiling. The therapist says the dream suggests a desire for a divorce. The therapist’s interpretation represents what Sigmund Freud called the dream’s ________ content.

Latent

Nestor is in the middle of a fantastic dream. What is his body doing?

Nothing

According to Hobson and McCarley, which neurotransmitter are shut down in the brain at the initiation of REM sleep?

Serotonin and norepinephrine

our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental perspectives is what psychologists refer to as __________.

Consciousness

Which of the following statements might help you determine if an individual has narcolepsy?

“I sometimes fall into a deep sleep in the middle of a conversation”

Which of the following concepts most strongly challenges the conventional belief that one is either entirely awake and consciously aware or asleep and not consciously aware?

Lucid dreamins

The best adjectives associated with the nature of the activation -synthesis hypothesis are _______.

Meaningless and random

Mrs. Lassey is taking medication to reduce the activity of her acetylcholine-producing neurons. What might happen?

She ay dream less often, or not at all

Many people who suffer from narcolepsy experience a complete loss of muscle tone, which can cause them to become limp as a rag doll. This phenomenon is called ________ .

Cataplexy

A client tells his therapist about a dream riding on a train with his boss. At the end of the journey, the boss gets off the train at a terminal. The content of his dream, as related by the client to the therapist, is what Freud called its ______ content.

Manifest

The need to take a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms is an indication of ________.

Physical dependence

The term circadian comes from the Latin for ______-

“About a day”

What is the biggest difference between the different stages of the sleep cycle?

Changes in brain-wave activity

When considering out-of-body experiences, which is true?

People who experience out-of-body experiences frequently report other unusual experiences, including vivid fantasies, lucid dreaming, and hallucinations

Some drugs are considered to have an adjustive value. What does this mean?

These drugs initially cause dysphoria, then after a period of adjustment they have a euphoric effect.

When Sophia flies across the country for work meetings, traversing several time zones, her circadian rhythm is likely to be interrupted by _______.

jet lag