Chapter 6 | Concepts of Culture

Geographers

________ use the metaphor of an iceberg to describe culture.

Cultural trait

A shared object or cultural practice

Artifacts

A visible object or technology that a culture creates

Sociofacts

A structure or organization of a culture that influences social behavior

Mentifacts

A central, enduring element of a culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs

Popular culture

The widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time

technology

Photographs, books, artwork, and ________ can reveal what a person values.

effects of distance decay

The ________ have been decreased through innovations in transportation in communication.

Traditional culture

The long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation

languages

Nearly all ________ have a literary tradition, or some form of written communication.

Cultural norms

A shared standard or pattern that guides the behavior of a group of people

Ethnocentrism

The tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

Cultural relativism

The evaluation of a culture by its own standards

Cultural landscape

A natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

Identity

The ways in which humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others

nontraditional gender

Over the years, the acronym has evolved, but LGBTQIA+ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer /questioning, intersexual, asexual /aromatic /allied, and the plus sign includes anyone else not explicitly included that also have ________ identities /sexualities.

Sequent occupance

The notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

Immigrants

________ tend to adopt the language and some other cultural traits of their new country /location, but typically uphold their original religious beliefs and practices.

Ethnicity

The state belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

Ethnic Neighborhoods

A cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin

Traditional architecture

An established building style of different cultures, religions, and places

Postmodern architecture

A building style that emerged as a reaction to “modern” designs, and values diversity in design

Religion

A system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values

Pilgrimage

A journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons

Language

A distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

Toponym

A place name

Conflict

________ between ethnicities in many parts of the world has escalated to genocide or ethnic cleansing.

Gendered spaces

A space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles

Gender identity

An individual's innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither

Safe spaces

A space of acceptance for people who are sometimes marginalized by society

Gentrification

The renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preferences

Third place

A communal space that is separate from home (first place) or work (second place)

LGBTQIA+ people

There are a number of urban neighborhoods that have created many safe spaces for ________.

Sense of place

The subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location

Placemaking

A community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn

Dialects

A variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling

Adherents

A person who is loyal to a belief, religion, or organization

Branch

A large fundamental division within a religion

Denomination

A separate church organization that unites a number of local congregations

emotional safety

Gendered spaces can offer women more than just physical safety, but ________ as well.

Sect

A relatively small group that has separated from an established denomination

Urban skylines

________ can reflect a robust economy.

Centripetal force

A force that unites a group of people

Centrifugal force

A force that divides a group of people

Traditional gender roles

________ often keep women from participating in certain aspects of society and push them to fulfill cultural expectations that can be limiting.

Patterns of ethnicity

________ are deeply linked to religion and language.

Culture

The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation

Cultural trait

A shared object or cultural practice

Artifacts

A visible object or technology that a culture creates

Sociofacts

A structure or organization of a culture that influences social behavior

Mentifacts

A central, enduring element of a culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs

Culture is also dynamic

Subject to change, and transforming in response to countless environmental, human, and technological forces

Popular culture

The widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time

Traditional culture

The long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation

Cultural norms

A shared standard or pattern that guides the behavior of a group of people

Ethnocentrism

The tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture

Cultural relativism

The evaluation of a culture by its own standards

Cultural landscape

A natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values

Identity

The ways in which humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others

Sequent occupance

The notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

Ethnicity

The state belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

Ethnic Neighborhoods

A cultural landscape within a community of people outside of their area of origin

Traditional architecture

An established building style of different cultures, religions, and places

Postmodern architecture

A building style that emerged as a reaction to "modern" designs, and values diversity in design

Religion

A system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values

There is a strong connection between religion and ethnicity-

the effects of both are evident in an ethnic groups lifestyle and value system

For example

Buddhism and Thailand, or Hinduism and India

Pilgrimage

A journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons

Language

A distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and cultural identities

Toponym

A place name

Gendered spaces

A space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles

Gender identity

An individual's innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both, or neither

Safe spaces

A space of acceptance for people who are sometimes marginalized by society

Gentrification

The renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preferences

Third place

A communal space that is separate from home (first place) or work (second place)

Sense of place

The subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location

Placemaking

A community-driven process in which people collaborate to create a place where they can live, work, play, and learn

Dialects

A variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling

Adherents

A person who is loyal to a belief, religion, or organization

Branch

A large fundamental division within a religion

Denomination

A separate church organization that unites a number of local congregations

Sect

A relatively small group that has separated from an established denomination

Historically, three major ethnic groups formed clusters in particular regions in the United States

Hispanics in the Southwest, African Americans in the Southeast, and Asian Americans in the West

Centripetal force

A force that unites a group of people

Centrifugal force

A force that divides a group of people