AP exam review. Unit 1: Founding the New Nation

Escape religious persecution, gold, tobacco, rice, glory/ mercantalism, overpopulated europe

Reasons for emigration

Triangle trade

a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Bacon was mad at his old boss so he burned down Jamestown. Indentured servitude was not working anymore so they moved to enslaved Africans.

Slaves and lifelong, inherited, and easier to identify.

Why did America switch from indentured servants to enslaved Africans?

1st Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)

Feverent expression of religious feeling. God's authority over the kings. Religious background for American rev bc we don't need the king anymore.

Zenger Case (1735)

Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press.

salutary neglect (1688-1754)

British aren't enforcing laws over colonies so colonies write their own laws. Ends in 1754

Navigation acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that sought to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes. 1st step to colonial unity

British are in debt so they start taxing colonies more and enforcing navigation acts, the natives have no more French ally.

Impact of French and Indian war

Pontiac's Rebellion

Attack colonist moving west and crushed by the British government. Lead to proclamation of 1763.

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflict. Colonist fought for that land which makes them mad.

Virtual Representation

Every member of the British parliament represents every member of the British empire

Whigs

Pro independence

Tories/Loyalists

Pro-king

Small army and few supplies

Challenges for US in Revolutionary war

Expensive and unknown territory

Challenges for Britain in Revolutionary war

Known territory and alliance with France

Advantages for US in revolutionary war

Size of army and more resources

Advantages for Britian in revolutionary war

British will leave frontier, America will give back $ and property to loyalists.

Promises of Revolutionary war

Lord Dunmore's Proclamation (1775)

British offered slaves freedom in exchange for fighting against the colonists

Republican motherhood

The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children

Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)

Treaty signed by the United States and the pro-British Iroquois granting Ohio country to the Americans.

More trading, development of navy, debt, inflation, economic revenge

Economic impact of Rev war

British economic revenge

Flood US market with cheap British goods to Britian makes money

Fundamental law

The constitution is more important than normal laws

Democracy

All people vote on laws

Republic

People vote on representatives who make the laws

Natural aristocracy

Only the educated elite should rule

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

Northwest Ordinance

Divides land into equal squares and land is sold to pay off war debt. It's an equality thing because no colony serves as mother county

No power to collect taxes, states held too much power.

Why were the articles of confederation weak?

Shay's rebellion

Massachusetts farmers shut down gov in Boston and the government could not raise an army. Lead to the constitution

Philadelphia convention (1787)

Goal was to fix the articles and create the constitution

VA vs NJ plan

Issues over representation in legislature. VA wanted population of state to determine number of law makers (house of reps). NJ wanted every state to have the same amount of reps (senate)

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

3/5 Compromise (1787)

Determined that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation.

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution who wanted a strong central government

Loos interpretation

What was the federalists view on the constitution?

Antifederalists

people who opposed the Constitution in fear of becoming Britain who wanted a weak central government and a strong state government.

Strict Interpretation

What was the anti-federalists view on the constitution

The federalists papers

collection of writings about why states should ratify the Constitution

Bill of Rights, 1791

List of things gov can't do or take away.

Judiciary Act of 1789

A law passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system.

The federal government would assume state debt because if the state dies they cannot repay the government. Meaning higher taxes and tariffs

What was Hamilton's plan for state debt?

Southern because they had no debt to pay off.

Who opposed the government assuming states debt and why?

It was seen as unconstitutional

Why was the national bank opposed?

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Western PA farmers rebelled against excess whiskey tax. The rebellion was put down by Washington and proved that the constitution held more power than the articles.

Neautrality Proclamation of 1793

Washington chose to stay neutral in French Revolution because they are too weak for war.

They seize sailors to work for the navy and impressment.

How do the British respond to American proclamation of neutrality?

Jay's treaty

Britain "promised" to evacuate NA forts, force payment of US debts to Britain, and had no settlement of impressment It was seen as an alliance with GB

Pinckney's Treaty (1795)

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that that defined the boundaries between the U.S. and Spanish colonies and granted the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Washington's farewell address

Condemned political party, warned against alliance with Europe (isolationism), and set 2 term limit tradition.

XYZ Affair (1797)

conflict between France and the United States when American were asked to pay a bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the U.S. called for war against France. Quasi war

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen, empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, & made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

Compact theory

The states created the government so they could nullify it

Revolution of 1800

1st peaceful transfer of power between political parties