Endomembrane system

Endomembrane System

Internal membrane system that forms a single functional unit, either being connected directly or exchanging materials through vesicles

Organelles Involved

Nuclear Envelope, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, Vesicle, Lysosomes, Plasma Membrane

Functions

Protein synthesis and transport
Lipid synthesis
Metabolism
Posion detoxification

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane that surrounds nucleus

Rough ER

Ribosomes attached, creates proteins and modifies their structure (which impacts their function)

Ribosomes

Makes Proteins

Smooth ER

Makes lipids, breaks down toxins

Golgi Apparatus

Packages and transports proteins to destinations

Vesicles

Tranports materials throughout the cell

Lysosomes (Destination #1)

Breaks down (hydrolyzes) macromolecules in cytoplasm

Secretory Vesicle (Destination #2)

Sends proteins outside of cell (exocytosis) to be used in insulin and hormones

Plasma Membrane (Destination #3)

Proteins are used in membrane as channel or carrier protein

Proteins Needed in Organelles

Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Peroxisomes
Most genes for proteins needed in these organelles are located in the nucleus

Proteins Needed in Mitochondria

Made by free ribosomes in cytosol
Taken up by mitochondria within seconds
Some proteins are made by mitoribosomes from DNA within mitochindria

Order

Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane