Brain Bee - Sense and Perception

The five sense organs are __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin

Vision accounts for __________ percent of the cerebral cortex.

30

The three types of photoreceptors in the retina are __________, __________, and __________.

rods, green cones, red

Rods are responsible for seeing __________ and __________, while cones allow us to see __________.

black, white; color

The __________ is the center of the retina that contains densely packed cones.

fovea

The area immediately surrounding the fovea is called the __________.

macula

The leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 55 is __________.

Macular Degeneration

The structure that bends light to focus it on the retina is the __________.

lens

The __________ regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

iris

The __________ is the blind spot in the eye where the optic nerve exits.

optic disk

The __________ is where signals from the optic nerve cross over to the opposite side of the brain.

optic chiasm

The Dorsal Streams process information related to __________ and __________.

spatial; motion

The Ventral Streams are responsible for the perception of __________ and __________.

color; shape

Sound waves are converted into neural signals in the __________ of the inner ear.

cochlea

The three small bones of the ear are known as the __________, __________, and __________.

malleus, incus, stapes.

Broca’s Area in the brain is responsible for __________.

speaking

Wernicke’s Area is primarily involved in __________.

understanding language

The main cause of hearing loss is the loss of __________.

hair cells

The five basic tastes are __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

bitter, salty, sweet, umami, sour

Humans have between __________ and __________ taste buds, each with 50-100 sensory cells.

5,000; 10,000

Taste signals travel from taste buds to the __________ and then to the __________.

thalamus; gustatory cortex

The sense of smell is also known as __________.

olfaction

Odors bind to specialized olfactory cells in the __________.

high nasal cavity

Scent impulses do NOT pass through the __________ before reaching the olfactory cortex.

thalamus

Touch signals travel through sensory nerve fibers to the __________, then to the __________, and finally to the __________.

spinal cord; thalamus; somatosensory cortex

Nociceptors are also known as __________.

pain receptors

A-beta fibers carry information related to __________.

touch

C fibers are associated with __________ and __________ pain.

numbing; chronic

Prostaglandins increase the sensitivity of receptors to __________.

tissue damage

Neuropathic Pain is caused by a malfunction in the __________.

nervous system

Diabetic Neuropathy refers to symptoms such as __________, __________, and __________ in the appendages due to high blood sugar levels.

numbness; burning; tingling

Endorphins act similarly to __________ by providing a numbing effect without losing consciousness.

analgesic morphine

Cannabis is used to suppress brain activity mainly in the __________ system.

limbic