Healthcare Administration & More

From grey workbook, and the knowledge/critical thinking section

Who uses the CMS 1500 form? What is it?

Private practice clinics use this form when filing a claim.
Originally for medicare

What is the UC-92/CMS 1450 form? Who uses it?

insurance claim form that hospitals use

What is the Electronic Data Interchange form?

insurance claims can be submitted electronically aka paperless claims system

What is the definition of ethics?

rules, standards, principles that dictate right conduct among members of a society or profession; based on moral values (norms of social interaction and have been influenced by religion)

Define the four (4) NATA Code of Ethics

1. Members shall respect the rights, welfare, dignity of all indv

2. Members shall comply with laws & regulations governing AT

3. Maintain & promote high standards in the provision of services

4. Do not engage in any form of conduct that constitutes 1) conflict of interest or that 2) Adversely reflects on the profession

What are three (3) examples of conflict of interest for ATs?

1. discussing private information with another party

2. ATC receiving financial gain to utilize a particular product

3. Allocation of resources for head/supervising ATC

What does forbidden knowledge mean?

information about a situatin that an AT is forbidden to act on

What are the three (3) approaches to ethical decision making?

1. ethical egoism

2. ultilitarianism

3. formalism

define an ethical egoism decision making approach

AT makes decision that result in greatest benefit to themselves

define an utilitarianism decision making approach

choosing a course of action that benefits the greatest number of people

define a formalism decision making approach

most likely followed by ATs who see clear professional duty that they believe should be implemented universally

warm-up should be about ___ to ___ minutes long. and starts within the next __ after.

10 to 15 minutes long, and 15 minutes after.

cool-down should be about to minutes.

5 to 10 minutes

static stretches are when you hold it for to seconds, and to times.

30 to 60s, and 3 to 4 times.

if flash to bang is 15s count, how far is the lightening strike?

and what does that mean for people?

3 miles away, inherent danger: seek shelter

__ minutes must past since last lightening strike before resuming play.

30 minutes

between and is when sunscreen is needed most.

10am-4pm

smog in the air means what two air pollutants are in the air?

carbon monoxide (CO) and sulpher dioxide (SO2)

how do you check for a helmet proper fitting?

2 fingers (3/4 inches) above eyebrow
2 bars for face mask at least
3 fingers face mask from nose
4-snap helmets are preferred

what are the 3 types of mouth guards?

stock variety, commercial (bar & bites), and custom fabricated type

which sports require ear guards? (3)

wrestling, water polo, boxing

what material should athletes glasses be made out of?

polycarbonate

which sports require eye and glasses guards? (4)

ice hockey, lacrosse, baseball, handball, racquetball

which spots require groin and genitalia protection? (3)

hockey, lacrosse, baseball.

sports involving high-velocity projectiles

the sole of the shoes must have ___ layers. the purpose for each are….

1. thick, spongy layer (absorbs force)

2. midsole (cushions midfoot and toes)

3. hard rubber layer (comes into contact with ground

for primary survey, what do you assess for? (5)

1. airway obstruction

2. no breathing

3. no circulation

4. profuse bleeding

5. shock

what are the three c’s for a primary survey?

check, call, care!!

what are characteristics of a venous hemorrhage?

deep red with continuous flow

what are characteristics of a capillary hemorrhage?

reddish, exudes from tissue

what are characteristics of arterial hemorrhage?

bright red, spurting

shock: what are the predisposing factors? (4)

1. extreme fatigue

2. extreme exposure to hot/cold

3. extreme dehydration

4. extreme illness

shock: what are the signs someone is experiencing shock? (5)

1. low bp (<90mmHg)

2. pulse, rapid & weak

3. respiration, rapid

4. drowsy/sluggish

5. pale/cool/clammy skin

shock: how to manage someone experiencing shock? (2)

1. maintain body temp to as close as normal as possible

2. elevate feet/legs 8-12in

If psychological, tell pt to lay down and don’t look at injury, reassurance

a pulse that is: rapid & weak may indicate… (3)

shock, bleeding, or heat exhaustion

a pulse that is rapid & strong may indicate…(2)

heatstroke or fear

if one or both pupils are dilated, this may indicate… (4)

head injury, shock, heatstroke, hemorrhage

if pupils are unequal response to light.. (2)

brain injury, alcohol or drug poisoning

splinting: how do you split a shoulder?

sling

splinting: how do you splint upper-arm/elbow?

straight arm position

splinting: how do you splint lower arm/wrist?

forearm flexion + sling

splinting: how do you splint hand/finger?

tongue depressors or aluminum splints

Crutch fitting protocol

6in anteriorly

2in laterally

2-3 figner width at armpits

30 degree flexion at elbow

imaging: x-rays are used for…

bones

imaging: arthroscopy is…

an invasive fiber-optic endoscope

imaging: mylography is…

a dye for spinal cord to detect tumors, nerve root compression, disk disease

imaging: CT scans are for…

1. internal bleeding

2. internal damage

3. tumors

   tissues viewed from many angles, x-ray beams

imaging: bone scans are to detect

bone lesions (stress fx)

imaging: MRI scans are…

the strongest electromagnets used to produce very clear image

imaging: ultrasonography are for…

organs, producing 2D images

imaging: echocardiography is for

internal cardiac structures

imaging: arteriogram is…

catheter to view blood vessels

imaging: venogram is for

DVT, venous pulse

imaging: doppler ultrasound is for

blood flow in major arteries, vessels, to dx a blood clot

cardiac imaging: what are these for?

1. ECG

2. EEG

3. EMG

1. electrical activity of heart to dx cause of abnormality

2. changes in brain wave pattern

3. muscle contraction

deep tendon reflexes: what are the common tendons tested on the body?

which nerve is it?

ex) C5, biceps brachii

C5, biceps brachii
C6, brachioradialis
C7, triceps
L4, patellar
L5 Hamstring
S1, Achilles tendon

define pathology

structural and functional changes that result from injury process

define etiology

cause of injury/illness

define mechanism

mechanical description of the cause

define prognosis

Diagnosis vs. Prognosis: A diagnosis tells you what sickness you have. A prognosis tells you how it will likely turn out.

best guess of how condition will turn out

condition: what is malignant hyperthermia?

uncontrolled temperature because of hypersensitivity to anesthesia & extreme exercise in hot environments.

should be DQ from activity.

condition: what is rhabdomyolysis?

muscle tissue breakdown of myoglobin (protein) being released into the blood. (can damage kidney)

what minerals are considered to be an electrolyte? (5)

1. sodium

2. calcium

3. chlorid

4. potassium

5. magnesium

Maintains water balance
(CCMPS)

what is the ratio for work:rest when acclimate training?

20mins work/20mins rest, 2hrs in the morning and 2hrs in the afternoon

define Role Delineation Study (RDS)

define role in terms of work behaviors necessary or job analysis.

colles fracture is…

dorsal or ventral displacement of the distal fragmnent?
outward or inward fracture?
extension or flexion of a FOOSH?

dorsal/outward/extension

smith’s fracture is…

dorsal or ventral displacement of the distal fragment?
outward or inward fracture?
extension or flexion of a FOOSH?

ventral/inward/flexion

what are blood borne pathogens to be concerned about? (3)

HBV-hepatitis B, HCV-hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

what are the different modes of transmission? (5)

human blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid

which hepatitis are not considered to be bloodborne pathogens? (2)

Hepatitis A,E,

how is HAV transmitted? (5)

fecal or oral routes , close personal contact, ingestion of contaminated food/water

how is HDC transmitted? (3)

infected blood, contaminated needles, sexual contact

how is HEV transmitted? (3)

fecal or oral routes, or contaminated water supplies in foreign countries

testing athletes for HIV: what are the two tests athletes should take?

1. Blood test analysis serum using ELISA or EIA

2. Western blot examination

at what week/month/year should you test for HIV after exposure?

test at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year

how do you wash contaminated/soiled clothes?

bleech, hot water temperature of , for _ minutes

10% bleech in hot water (159.8 degrees F) for 25 minutes

define conduction

heat transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one

define convection

transference of heat through the movement of fluid or gases

define radiation

heat energy transferred from one object through space to another object

define conversion

generation of heat from another energy form (sound, electricity, chemical agents)

ice massage: water temp, area size, and length

32 degrees F, 10-15cm, for 5-10mins

cold/ice water immersion: water temp and length

50-60 degrees F, 10-15mins

ice bag: water temp and length

34-36 degrees F , 15-20 mins

how do you perform cryokinetics?

ice until numb (12-20mins),
exercise (3-5mins)
ice until number (3-mins)

repeat 3-5x

moist heat packs: temp and time length

160-170 degrees F, 20-20mins

6 layers of toweling between pack & skin

whirlpool baths: temp

100-102 degrees F

paraffin: temp, and instructions for 1) glove method and 2) immersion

126 degrees F

1. glove method: 6-12 dips, wrap in plastic bag, rest for 30 minutes

2. immersion: submerge 20-30mins

contract bath: temp and length

100-110 degrees: 50-60 degrees F

either 3:1 or 4:1 warm: cold for 19-20mins

define attentuation

when sound scatters and absorbs as it penetrates tissue, it’s energy is decreased— absorption increases with increase in frequency

define reserve piezoelectric effect

alternating current passing through crystal causes expansion and contraction of crystal (used to produce acoustic energy— the production of ultrasound)

which beam is more divergent? 1MHZ or 3MHZ?

1MHZ

what is the typical BNR for ultrasound devices? and the ideal?

BNR vs ERA

ideal= 1:1 and typical 6:1

how many degrees C is considered mild heating?

what is it’s physiological purpose?

1 degrees C - accelerates metabolic rate

how many degrees C is considered moderate heating?

what is it’s physiological purpose?

2-3 degrees C - reduces muscle spasm, pain, chronic inflammation, increase blood flow

how many degrees C is considered vigorus heating?

what is it’s physiological purpose?

3-4 degrees C - decreases viscoelastic properties of collagen

microstreaming is the flow of fluid/tissue components result in mechanical pressure waves— altering cell membran permeability to & ions

Na+ & Ca2 + ions

define cavitation

what are the 2 types of cavitation?

formation of gas-filled bubbles that expand and compress due to pressure changes in fluid

stable & unstable

define stable cavitation

results increased fluid flow around these bubbles

define unstable cavitation

results in violent, large excursions ins bubble volume with collapse, creating increased pressure and temperature that can cause tissue damage

how fast should the ultrasound transducer be moving at all times?

1.5 inches (4cm) per seconds

the ultrasound transducer should not exceed an area of how large?

3-4inches (7.5-10cm)