BIO EXAM 3

coral reefs, Arthropods, Mollusks, Echinoderms CHESNES

Location of coral reefs

Indo-pacific region, between equator

Location coral reefs degrees

30N 30S

Constraints to Coral reefs

Warm water from the South

hermatypic corals need

68 degrees

Requirements of Coral reefs

Full salinity, Clear water, photic zone, poor nutrients, low sediments

Types of Reefs

Fringing, Barrier, Atoll, Patch Reef

Fringing Reef

shoreline

example of fringing reef (P)

Red sea

Barrier Reef (L)

border shoreline

example of barrier Reef

Great Barrier Reef, Meso American Reef

Atoll Reef (pacific)

ring shape

Atoll reef example

Maldives, Atafu

Patch Reef

isolated outcrop

Coral Reef Evolution

A, B, F

coral reefs occur because of

erosion

REEF ZONES

Lagoon zone, Reef flat, Back reef, Reef crest, Buttress zone. Fore Reef zone, Deep fore reef

lagoon zone

shallow area, near shore

Reef flat zone

inner reef

Back reef

shallow, exposure to UV radiation

Reef crest

most WAVE energy, find stony organism

Fore reef

reef slope

Buttress zone

deeper area

Deep fore reef

lowest area, slow growing organisms

coral structure

when corals die, they lose polyp and leaves behind a new location for others.

corals build walls of

limestone

Coral reproduction

Asexual and Sexual

Coral Asexual Reproduction

budding and fragmentation

Budding asexual reproduction corals

corals produce buds

Fragmentation asexual reproduction corals

polyp breaks off and forms a new colony of individuals

nematocyst

cell containing venomous threads which are projected for self-defense.

Coral competition

corals compete for space

Christmas tree worms

sedentary, filter feeders

orang-loing sponge

filter feeder

father duster

worm, sedentary, filter feeder

fireworms

errant, stinging cells, predators

Long-spined urchin

algae eaters

calcareous algae

sponge, arrow crab, fix calcium carbonate, builds reefs

parrot fish

feed on microorganisms, pieces of reef

Importance of Coral Reefs

Important fishery and nursery areas, erosion control, tourist attractions

Threats to coral reefs

overfishing, acidification, temperatures, pollution, invasive species,

coral diseases

yellow band diseaseye

yellow band disease cause by

rising temperatures, stress and lack of zooxanthellae

Arthropods meaning,

Jointed-foot

what makes arthropods unique

metamerism, chitinus exoskeleton

metamerism

linear body with segments

chitinus exoskeleton

chitin= complex carbohydrate, molting periods

(arthropods) Subphylum Chelicerata

no antenna

(chelicerata) class merostomata

horseshoe crab

horseshoe crabs uniqueness

no antenna, fully Dioecious

Horseshoe body

carapace, cephalothorax, abdomen, telson

cephalothorax

fused head and thorax

Horseshoe reproduction

Dioecious

Horseshoe blood

copper, has antibacterial ability

(arthropods) Subphylum crustacea

mainly marine based

what makes crustaceans unique

pair of antennas

crustaceans reproduction

Dioecious, meroplankton

meroplankton

only planktonic larvae and turn into either benthic or pelagic organisms

crustaceans shell

period of molting, soft shell period

(Subphylum crustacea) Class copepoda

copepods, holoplanktonic, parasitic, one eye

importance of copepoda (copepods)

bottom of food chains

(Subphylum crustacea) Class cirripedia

barnacles, cirri

Barnacles (cirripedia) has

cirri: extensions outside of shellre

(cirripedia) Barnacles reproduction

dioecious

(cirripedia) Barnacles decide..

where they will live their entire life when in larvae form and then stay there forever.

(Subphylum crustacea) Class malacostraca

shrimps, lobsters, crabs. 3/4 of all crustaceans

(Class malacostraca) Order stomatopoda

thumb splitter shrimp, chromatophores, wh

at makes stomatopoda (class malacostraca) uniqe?

velocity and extending apondages

(Class malacostraca) Order Euphasiacea

southern krill

Euphasiacea (class malacostraca) are found in

giant schools

(Class Malacostraca) Order Decapoda

shrimps, lobsters, crabs, crayfish

difference in decapoda lobster

florida small, normal lobster, large

(Class Malacostraca) Order Mysidacea

small shrimp-like organisms

(class malacostraca) Order isopods

isopods

uniqueness in isopods (Class malacostraca) is...

they are dorsoventrally compressed

(Class malacostraca) Order Amphipoda

Amphipods, laterally compressed

Molllusks (mollusca)

bilateral symmetry, gills, cilia ci

cilia

hair like projections that move water through gills

feeding types

filter feeders (usage of cilia) and grazers with radula (tongue)

mollusks predators

conesnail

conesnail

has extending venomous barbs

(Mollusca) Class Gastropoda

snails, sea slugs

Class Gastropoda uniqueness (Mollusca)

torsion

(Gastropodas) subclass prosobrancha

Common marine snails

(Gastropodas) subclass opistrobrancha

No shell snail

(Gastropoda) pulmonata

Land snail

(Mollusks) Class mono(2)placophora

one shell

example of monoplacophora

Neopilina (living fossil)

(Mollusks) Class Polyp(many)placophora

chitons, eight plate shells

(Mollusks) Class A(no)placophora

no shell, spicules covered body(

(Mollusks) Class bi(2)valvia

two shells, clams

(mollusks) Class scaphopoda

tusk shells, benthos

(Mollusks) Class Cepha(head)lopod(foot)a

nautili, cuttlefish, squids, OCTOPODS

primitive forms

lots of arms, lack suckers
pri

primitive forms examples

nautil, cuttlefish

Advanced forms

lack arms, ink sacks, advanced eye

Advanced form examples

squids, octopus

cephalopods all have

venomous bite

Echinoderms

spiny skin, salt water

pentaradial symmetry

5 points

adult starfish is in the stage of

pentaradial symmetry