AP Biology 3.1 Quiz Review

Define Energy

the ability to do the work or bring about change

Energy cannot be__ but is

created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another

What is free energy

energy that can do work under cellular conditions

what represents free energy

Triangle G

metabolism

the sum of cellular chemical reactions in the cell

reactants

commonly known as substrates they participant in a run

products

form as a result of a reaction

metabolic processes

many steps, begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product → each catalyzed by a specific enzyme

exergonic

products have less free energy than reactants

traits of a exergonic reaction

• occur spontaneously

• catabolic

• releases energy

example of a exergonic reaction

cellular respiration

endergonic

products have more free energy than reactants

traits of a engergonic reaction

• nonspontaneous 

• anabolic

• premotes growth (builds up)

example of a endergonic reaction

photosynthesis

atp or adenosine triphosphate

is the cells main energy carrying molecule

conversion of atp releases

energy

energy is released when

chemical bonds are broken

atp is converted into adp when

the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken

energy released from _____ can be used to power many metabolic processes

atp hydrolsis

anabolic pathways ___ energy

consume

catabolic pathways ___ energy

release

anabolic ___ molecules

builds up

catabolic ___ molecules

breaks down

catabolic proceeds

on its own once activation energy is reached

anabolic requires

energy

what is a catalyst

a biological or chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

activation energy

the initial ampunt of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

what is an enzyme

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions (most are proteins)

What shape is retained as a enzyme

tertiary shape

What is the most important thing in a enzyme

STUCTURE= FUNCTION

how is the change in free energy affected by an enzyme

doesnt change the amount of free energy but just changes the speed

for an enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to occur

the chape and charge of a substrate must be compatible with the active site of the enzyme

active site

the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds

denaturation

change in the confirmation shape (tertiary) structure of the enzyme

denaturation is

irreversible

noncompetitve inhibition is

allosteric

enzymes are biological catalysts and function by

decreasing activation energy

endergonic reaction needs

net energy to occur

if the reaction levels off and does not increase further

all active sites of the enzyme are saturated

in metabolic pathways, fedback inhibition uses

the end product to inhibit the first enzyme

in a graph of exergonic reactions

free energy is less than zero

in a graph of endergonic reactions

free energy is more than zero

if the energy of a reaction is negative

it is a exergonic reaction because energy is released and not gained

first law of thermodynamics

energy is conserved in a processes

if an enzyme has been inhibited noncompetitively

more energy will be necessary to initiate the reaction

if an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield of products is to_____

add more of the enzyme