Things havent studied yet chapter 3 section 2

Cells needs a what to maintain its shape and size??

Needs a structure which is known as cyto skeleton

Cytoskeleton is? Like ribosomes they are? What do they do?

A network of long protien strands located in the cytosol

Not surrounded by a membrane

I addition to holding up the structure it is the one that moves organelles in the cell

The two major components are?

Microfilaments?

Each microfilaments consists of microfilaments contain the?

Micro filaments and microtubules

They are threads made of protien called actin

each microfillmanet consists of many actin molecules connected together to form polymer chain

Smallest threads that makes up the cyto skeleton

What do microfilaments help in?

The largest strands of the cytoskeleton how are they? And they are called?

In many cells they do what?

Helps in cell movement and the cells muscle contraction

They ar hollow and are called micro tubules

In many cells they extand out ward near the nuclues to near the cell membrane

When the cell is about to divide?

Those bundles are called?

They are thick enough?

Bundles of microtubules come together and extend accros the cell

Spindle fibers

To be seen with a light microscope

Spindle fibers assist in the? When the cell division is complete?

Movement of chromosomes during cell division

The spindle fibers are dissembled and there task in holding the structure of the cell resumes

Cilia ans flagela

Why are they located in most eucaryotic cells?

Are hairlike organeles that extend from the cells surface and assist in movement

Beacuse of the varity of jobs that it does

When are they cillia?the external of many unicellular organisms are? What can the cillia do? Cillia are found in what types of cells? For example where in the multicellular one? What does the repirstory tract do? And then the when the cilias move?

When they are short and present in lsrge numbers they are called cilia

Covered in cillia

The movement of the cillia can propel these tiny unicellular organisms to find food or run away from predators

Unicellular and multicellular

The cells lining your respiratory tract it make alot of cillia that trap the particles and debris that yo inhale from oxygen

They sweep up the debris and psrticles out ward of the repirstory tract when you swallow it

Flagella. On many cells for e.x? How much flagellas are present? By doing what?

How many microtubules does esch consist of?

When they are long and lest numeros they are called flagella

Such as sperm only one flagella is present

By moving back and forth it can easily propel unicellular cells or specialized multicellular cells such as sperm

Both organelles consist of 9 pairs of micro tubules that souround one pair of central pair which means 10 pairs

A cross section of what shows the 10 pairs of the microtubules?

Of cillium

the nucleus is often the

how can it help maintain its shape?

The nucleus is sourounded ?

Inside of the envelope?

What are chromatins made out of?

When the cell is about to divide

The nucleus stores hereditary informa In?

What dies the nucleus store in its dna ?

The dna is also the place where?

In return and where does it ocure?

Most prominent structure in eukaryotic cells

with the help of protien skeleton known as nucleus matrix

Is surounded by a double membrane known as the nucleus envelope

Are fine strands of chromatins

They sre made out of combination of dna snd protien

The chromatin coils ul to mske very densly packed called the chromosomes

DNA

Hereditary information

Rna copies from dna

Rna direct the synthesis of protiens

The synthsizing happens in the cytosol

Which means?before? Rna makes its journey by passing through?which are?most nuclei also contains?the nucleolus is the site?before they are?

That the rna must travel from the nucleus. It can direct protien synthesis. Nuclear pores. Small holes in the nuclesr envelope . Atleast one spherical area called the nucleolus. Where ribosomes are synthesized and psrtially assembled.before they pass through the nuclear pores into the cytosol

Plant cells have how many additional structures? Which are?why do they have alot of vacules?

It has 3 . Which are cell wall plastids and vacules . Beacuse they dont have a cyto skeleton

Plant cells are covered by the rigidity of the cell wall helps? Which contains? The cellulose is embeded in?what allows molecules and ions to enter the cell

A rigid cell wall that is on the outside of the cell membrane support snd protects the plants. Contains long chains of cellulose . Protiens and carbohydrates that harden the entire structure

pores in the cell wall

We have two types of cell walls? When the plant if forming we have? As the cell expands in? Which causes?when it reaches its full size? Where will the secondsry cell wall develop?how is it?therefor once its completed? When you pick up a wood you are picking up?

1 primary 2 secondary. A primary on just oustdie of the cell membrane

Length cellulose and other molecules are added an expansion of the cell wall

A secondary cell wall may develop. It develops between the cell membrane snd the primary cell wall its tough and woody

The plant cant grow no longer

A secondary cell wall the other cells inside the cell wall have died and dientegrated

Vacules? These?store what?they are?sometimes they take about? Beacuse of its big size what does it do? Some of the wastes?the storage of them may be usefull in other ways such as?what does it do according to the ms?

Are the second common charastristic of plant cells. Fluid filled organneles. Store enzymes and metabolic waste

Quite large 90 percent of the cells volume. It pushes are the organelles against the cell membrane. Are toxic and must be kepy awah from the rest of the cell.the poison that certain acacia tree have in there vacules can help them ward of the plant eating animals

1 its like an excecretry system 2 takes 90 percent of the cells volume 3 stores enzymes and metabolic wastes 4 can be used as a defense system 5 puts organneles organs on the wall of the cell membrane 6 storing excess water

Most of the cell is taken by the vacule but the organneles reside at a area?

Of a rim shaped cytosol so the peripheral of the cell

Plastids?plastids are organelle that?contain what?some store what?while others contain?which what do they do?

The most familiar type of plastids are?thylakoids? Chloroplast are the organelles which?that conversion ocurs in what during which process? Chloroplasts contains. Diffrent pigments come

The third distiungushing organnele of plants is plastids? Like mitochondria and nucleus it contains 2 membrane

It contains DNA. Some store starch or fat. Compounds called pigments.which they absorb visible light

Chloroplasts

Each chloroplasts includes a system of flattened membranous sacs known as thylakoid

In a cell in which sunlight energy is turned into chemical energy in organic compounds in photosynthesis inside of the thylakoids

Large amount of pogments that gives leave sthere green color

Come from diffrent plastids that sre resposible for diffrent colors such as those in plants snd fruits colors

The thylakoids inside the chroloplasts contain?

The pigment that is needed for photosynthesis