biology cell organelles

nucleus

contains cell dna and controls cell activities by regulating gene expression and protein synthesis

nucleolus

where ribosomes are made and contains rna

nuclear envelope

double membrane surrounding the nucleus contains nuclear pores that control movement of substances such as mrna and ribosomal subunits between the nucleus and cytoplasm

rough endoplasmic reticulum

flattened membrane sacs covered in ribosome synthesises folds and transport proteins

SER

contains enzymes that catalyse reactions involved with lipid metabolism

golgi apparatus

modifies sorts and packages protein and lipids into vesicles, produces lysosomes and prepares substances for secretion

ribosomes

protein synthesis, free ribosomes make proteins for use within cell, on rer make proteins secreted from the cell or embedded with membranes

mitochondria

aerobic respiration produces atp self repilcates abundant in cells where metabolic activity takes place

lysosomes

vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes, digest worn out organelles, pathogens and unwanted material within cell

chloroplast

photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs light energy to drive the production of glucose

cytoskeleton

an extensive network of protein fibres within the cytoplasm of cells

plasma membrane

partially permeable barrier controlling movement of substances into and out of the cell, also contains receptors for signalling

centrioles

cylindrical structure made of microtubules, organise spindle fibres during cell division and help organise the cytoskeleton