Disaster Risk Reduction 2nd

Landslide

slipping of a slope or cliff causing large amounts of rock and soil to collapse

Rotational

ground rotates & slides along a curved failure plane

Translational

Ground slides with little rotation along a flat plane parallel to the surface

Block Slide

translational type; one block of surface material that moves

Lateral Spread

Surface material extends or spreads on gentle slope; associated with earthquake shaking

Creep

Soil & surface material slowly moves down

Rockfall

Gravity sends rock & other mats in a downslope

Topple

pieces of a cliff or rock face fall forward as large block

Earthflow

fine-grained mats liquefies and runs in hourglass shape

Debris Flow

Rapidly moving of water, mud, flow, and others that flows downavelley

Debris Avalanche

Large & fast moving debris flow

• Natural Landslide

• Anthropogenic factors

Types of Landslides

Sinkhole

Depression/hole in the ground caused by collapse

Cenote, Sink, Swallet, Swallow hole, Doline

Sinkhole other terms

Karst Process

chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks or suffusionn

Cover-Collapsed

quick and cause catastrophic damage

Cover-Subsidence

overtime with ground subsiding gradually

• Cover Collapsed

• Cover Subsidence

Types of Sinkhole

Geological Hazard Maps

maps that indicate the hazard susceptible to a area

useful for disaster preparedness and management

Geologic Mapping

for education, science, business, and a wide variety of public policy concerns

Preventions

actions that influence the way land and buildings are developed to reduce hazard losses
- planning & zoning, floodplainlaws, storm water management regulations, improvement programs

Property Protection

modification/removal of structures to protect them from hazards
-elevation, relocation, acquisition, storm shutters,

Public Education & Awareness

Actions to inform citizens and elected officials about hazards to mitigate
-outreach projects, hazard information centers, adult education

Natural Resource Protection

minimize hazard loss and preserve the functions of natural systems
-sediment & erosion control, watershed management, forest & vegetable management

Emergency Services

protect people and property during and immediately after a hazard
-warning systems, emergency responses, essential facilities protection

Structural Projects

involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of a hazard

1. Organize Resources & Build the Planning Team

2. Develop the Plan’s Risk Assesment

3. Assess Capabilities

4. Develop the Mititgation Strategy

5. Determine Plan Maintenance Processes

6. Obtain Mitigation Plan Approval & Adoption

Hazard Mitigation Plan

Hydrometeorology

branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies transfer of water & energy

Typhoon

low-pressure area in a counter-clockwise rotation in Western Pacific Ocean

Thunderstorm

lighting, thunder, rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds

Flash Floods

in short period within 6 hours after the end of the event; fast

Storm Surge

rise of seawater above normal

Flood

overflow of water onto land; after 6 hours of an event; last longer

El Nino

periodic warming on central and east Pacific Equator

La Nina

cold phase; part of ENSO phase

Barograph

writing arm that records barometric pressure; rises or falls on a revolving scroll of paper

Thermograph

measures & records temperatures & humidity

Ceiling Light Beam

project light beams to the clouds

Clinometer

determines height of the cloud by distance of it to the ground

Ceiling Balloon

pilot/pibal, height of the cloud by clouds above ground

8-inch Rain gauge

diameter is 8 -inches above a funnel; conducts rain into a tube

Theodolite

measures wind speed & direction; attached to a pilot balloon

Sling Psychrometer

dry & wet bulb thermometer

Radiosonde

measures temperature, pressure, & relative humidity

Fire

rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light and reaction

Oxygen, heat & Fuel

referred to as “Fire triangle”

Flame

visible portion of the fire
carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen, & nitrogen

Class A

• Solids; common type of fuel; hard to eliminate

• Water extinguisher

Class B

• Liquids; cleaning fluids, solvents, fuels, inks, adhesives, & paints

• 21% of fatalities; 2% of fires

• Foam/Powder Extinguisher

Class C

• Gases ; natural gas, LPG

  • Dry Powder extinguisher

Class D

• metals ; sodium

• Dry Powder extinguishers

Electrical Fires

electricity, source of ignition than fuel

Class F/K

• cooking fats & oil
  deepfrying fat oil, spillages of flammable oils

• Wet chemical extinguishers or fire blanket