Eating Disorder and Obesity

Eating Disorders

Persistent disturbances in eating behavior that impair health and daily functioning.

Anorexia Nervosa

A relentless pursuit of thinness leading to significantly low body weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

Characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Binge eating without compensatory measures.

Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body weight, not classified as a psychiatric disorder in the DSM.

DSM-5 Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa A

Restriction of energy intake resulting in significantly low body weight.

DSM-5 Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa B

Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.

DSM-5 Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa C

Disturbance in body weight/shape perception.

Restricting Type

Subtype of anorexia nervosa involving extreme limitation of food intake.

Binge-Eating/Purging Type

Subtype of anorexia nervosa that includes bingeing and/or purging behaviors.

Medical Complications of Anorexia Nervosa

Heart arrhythmias, electrolyte imbalances, osteoporosis, and malnutrition.

Clinical Notes for Bulimia Nervosa

Typically, individuals are within a normal weight range or slightly overweight.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A treatment approach that aims to modify dysfunctional beliefs about food and self.

Family Therapy (Maudsley Model)

A treatment of choice for adolescents with anorexia that focuses on re-feeding and maintaining healthy eating habits.

Media Influences on Eating Disorders

Exposure to negative stereotypes in media may perpetuate body dissatisfaction.

Risk Factors for Eating Disorders

Include genetic predisposition, cultural pressures, and individual personality traits.

Genetic Influences on Eating Disorders

High heritability for anorexia and bulimia nervosa in family and twin studies.

Set Point Theory

The body defends a specific weight range through hormonal and metabolic adaptations.

Weight Stigma

Harsh judgment and discrimination faced by obese individuals.

Calorie Labeling

Mandates for restaurants to post calorie information, which can reduce average calorie consumption.

Medical Issues Linked to Obesity

Increased risk for heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.

Leptin

A hormone produced by fat cells that signals the brain about fat reserves.

Ghrelin

A hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite.

Social Contagion

The concept that close social ties may influence weight gain.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

An alternative treatment for bulimia focusing on improving interpersonal functioning.

Prevention of Obesity

Preventing weight gain may be easier than achieving and maintaining weight loss.

Cultural Ideal of Thinness

Belief that thinness equals beauty and success, increasing the risk for eating disorders.

Individual Strategies for Weight Loss

Reducing calorie intake, increasing physical activity, and improving sleep quality.

Effective Treatments for Binge-Eating Disorder

Includes pharmacological options and psychotherapeutic approaches.

Mortality Rate in Anorexia Nervosa

High due to complications such as heart arrhythmias and suicide.

Individuals at High Risk for Eating Disorders

Includes individuals in professions emphasizing thinness and those affected by sociocultural pressures.

Treatment Complexity for Obesity

Biological defenses make weight loss difficult and require intervention.