MUSI 3630 Exam 1

Buddy Bolden

(1877-1931) first jazz musician, played cornet

Joe "King" Oliver

(1885-1938) known for manipulating cornet using mutes

Louis Armstrong

(1901-1971) worked in Storyville before joining the Creole Jazz Band in 1922, known as the first great jazz soloist

Bix Beiderbecke

"cool jazz style" / "west coast jazz"

Austin High Gang

6 student musicians, Bud Freeman (sax), Jim Lanigan (string bass/ tuba), Dick McPartland (banjo/ guitar), Jimmy McPartland (cornet), Dave North (piano), Frank Teschemacher (clarinet), joined by Dave Tough (drummer) from Oak Park

Duke Ellington

pianist, composer, and bandleader who led one of the most famous jazz orchestras. He composed thousands of pieces and was known for his sophisticated arrangements and innovative use of the orchestra

Benny Goodman

(1909-1986) King of Swing clarinetist, known for improvising; known as the "King of Swing," was a clarinetist and bandleader who played a key role in popularizing swing music. He led one of the most popular big bands of the 1930s and 1940s

Chick Webb

was a drummer and bandleader who led one of the most influential big bands of the swing era. He discovered and featured Ella Fitzgerald as a vocalist in his band, dubbed the first King of Swing

Fletcher Henderson orchestra

A group in New York including Louis Armstrong in 1924, was a pianist, bandleader, and arranger who was a pioneer of big band jazz. His arrangements and band were highly influential in the development of swing music

Jelly Roll Morton

(1890-1941) was a pianist, composer, and bandleader who claimed to have invented jazz. He was one of the first to write down jazz compositions and was known for his complex arrangements and virtuosic playing, and claimed to have invented Jazz in 1902

Paul Whiteman

(1890-1967) King of Jazz, developer of symphonic jazz. He played a significant role in popularizing jazz with mainstream audiences

Scott Joplin Bands

was a composer and pianist known as the "King of Ragtime." His compositions, such as "The Entertainer" and "Maple Leaf Rag," were highly influential in the development of early jazz

King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band

was one of the most popular bands in Chicago and boasted a collection of the finest New Orleans musicians. In 1923 they made recordings featuring Louis Armstrong

Original Dixieland Jazz Band

(1915 in Chicago) from 1917 considered to be the first instrumental jazz recording

New Orleans Rhythm Kings

New Orleans and Chicago musicians who helped shape Chicago jazz and influenced many younger jazz musicians, different members of the New Orleans and Chicago contingents (15 and 13 members, respectively), creation of the drummer Mike "Ragbaby" Stevens

Fletcher Henderson

(1897-1952) born in Georgia, led a dance band in New York featuring Coleman Hawkins on tenor sax and Louis Armstrong on trumpet, leader's band was first racially integrated big band.

Chick Webb Orchestra

swing era jazz; known for its powerful rhythm section and featuring a young Ella Fitzgerald as a vocalist. Webb's drumming and leadership were highly influential

Count Basie Band

started out cool jazz, Fletcher Henderson transitioned it into big band swing, most famous jazz band of the period, known for precision/ refinement, comping - style of jabbing chords between beats

Benny Goodman Band Musical

big band, swing jazz, played on Let's Dance radio show, toured in 1935 though not super popular, "King of Porter Stomp", arrangements written by Fletcher Henderson, played in Carnegie Hall in 1937

timbre

tonal manipulation; it is what makes each instrument sound different even if it is the same note.

meter

measure of music, 4/4, 3/4.etc

rhythm

pattern of events organized in time

tempo

rate of recurring pulses

measure

group of pulses

syncopation

the emphasis of a weak beat, a weak part of a beat, or the omission of a strong beat by the use of rests, short notes, and ties

diatonic

by step

scale

key; music is a sequence of notes ordered by pitch

chord

harmonies; foundation of music; A group of notes played together.

riff

a short repeated section to create momentum, first used in Kansas City Jazz

form of the blues - harmonic structure

24 Measure A-A-B form; 4 Bar intro followed by 32 Measure 8-8-8-8 form; 12 Bar Blues consisting of

AABA song form

32 measure form

march form

ABCD

ragtime form

ABACD

African Musical Tradition

functional (broad communal participation), vocal aspects include timbre and pitch inflection, rhythmic properties from percussion instruments, polyrhythm and cross rhythm, call & response, repetitions, syncopation

King of Swing

Chick Webb, Benny Goodman

Rhythm Section instruments

most commonly include piano, guitar, bass and drums, but can include Latin percussion, banjo, tuba or Sousaphone

Congo Square

free blacks and slaves were allowed to meet once per week and sing and dance

Storyville

a unique red light district in New Orleans beginning in 1897 that served as a hub for jazz musicians till its closing by the US Navy in 1917

Font Line

cornet, clarinet, trombone

Collective Improvisation

several players improvising simultaneously

Ragtime

simple and easy to learn dance moves including the One-Step (or the Rag), "Animal Dances", Argentine Tango, and Brazilian Maxixe. Contain an ABACD form and contain a "boom-chuck" left hand with a syncopated right hand melody

All- American Rhythm Section

Walter Page (bass), Jo Jones (drums), Freddie Green (guitar), Count Basie (piano)

Jungle Music

written by Duke Ellington, played in Cotton Club in NY

Cotton Club

located in New York City, hosted African-themed floor shows, Duke Ellington played 1927-1931 for radio broadcasts, Jungle Music composed for floor shows, Duke Ellington Orchestra played

Savoy Ballroom

in New York, house band was Chick Webb's in 1931

West African Tradition

broad communal participation, timbre and pitch inflection, percussion, polyrhythm/cross rhythm, call and response, repetition, dependence on syncopation

Origins of the Blues & Key Figures

originated 1890s with no harmonic structure and just melody, evolved from unaccompanied vocal music, no specific African musical ancestor, closely related to ragtime, adoped elements from minstrel shows, spirituals and Ethiopian airs, AAB form

figures: Blink Lemmon Jefferson (guitar), Huddie Ledbetter/"Lead Belly" (12 string guitarist, piano, vocals, violin, mandolin, harmonica), WC Handy (first composition - Memphis Blues)

Storyville & the Jim Crow Laws

1897-1917 red light district with illegal cabarets/dance halls/honky tonks/bars, 1917 Navy closed it down, many musicians left and went to Chicago, bridged the gap between slavery and segregation/ promoted interracial mixing

Benny Goodman Orchestra and its many "firsts"

first racially integrated band (assisted by John Hammond), first jazz musician to play in Carnegie Hall, toured the country, appeared in a movie, hired for Let's Dance radio show, strong sense of swing, polished and inventive arrangements, suited youthful taste of country

European Classical Tradition and its impact on Jazz

biggest impact was the instruments that were played, Creole (French & Spanish) heritage played a part, some classically trained musicians became a huge part of swing

The musical instruments and their roles in early New Orleans Jazz

grew out of brass band tradition, front line (cornet, clarinet, trombone), rhythm section (tuba or bass, piano, drums, cymbals), musicians syncopating, collective improv, most early figures played front line instruments primarily

The Chick Webb Orchestra and its role in Early Swing

toured in 1920s, became the house band at the Savoy Ballroom in New York in 1931, swing drumming was well known and helped define and usher in the swing era, combined with Ella Fitzgerald to create hits like "A Tisket a Tasket"

Roseland Ballroom

New York City was another key venue for jazz and swing music, hosting many famous bands and dancers

located in New York City theater district, opened 1919, Fletcher Henderson Band played in the 20s and 30s, later Louis Armstrong, Count Basie ("Roseland Shuffle") & Chick Webb played, big band performances were broadcasted live from the venue for radio

Sidney Bechet

was a clarinetist and soprano saxophonist, one of the first important soloists in jazz. He was known for his powerful sound and virtuosic technique.

Lester Young

was a tenor saxophonist known for his smooth, relaxed playing style. He was a key figure in the development of the cool jazz movement and played with the Count Basie Orchestra.

Mary Lou William

was a pianist, composer, and arranger who made significant contributions to jazz. She worked with many of the greats, including Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman, and was known for her innovative compositions

Duke Ellington Orchestra

one of the most famous and long-lasting jazz orchestras, led by Duke Ellington. Known for their sophisticated arrangements and compositions, they played a major role in the evolution of jazz

Origins of Jazz

Jazz originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in New Orleans, Louisiana. It evolved from a mix of African American musical traditions, blues, ragtime, and European musical elements

New Orleans social structure

New Orleans had a unique social structure with a mix of French, Spanish, African, and Creole influences. This diverse cultural background played a significant role in the development of jazz

creole population in New Orleans

The Creole population in New Orleans included people of French, Spanish, African, and mixed descent. They played a significant role in the cultural and musical life of the city, contributing to the development of jazz

Kansas City Swing

Kansas City Swing is a style of jazz that emerged in the 1930s, known for its blues influences, strong rhythm section, and emphasis on improvisation. Count Basie was a key figure in this style.

Gut Bucket

Describe a raw, earthy style of jazz or blues, often featuring rough, expressive playing and a strong rhythmic drive

The Benny Goodman

known as the "King of Swing," was an American clarinetist and bandleader who played a pivotal role in popularizing swing music in the 1930s and 1940s.

The Jungle music of Duke

Duke Ellington's; refers to a style he developed during his time at the Cotton Club in Harlem from 1927 to 1932. This style was characterized by exotic, primal sounds and innovative arrangements that evoked the imagery of the jungle. Here are some key aspects: