General Chemistry Laboratory Review

Flashcards to review key concepts from General Chemistry Laboratory.

Laboratory Safety Guidelines

Set of protocols to ensure safety in the lab, including using goggles, knowing emergency procedures, and not performing unauthorized experiments.

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)

An electrochemical technique used to study the electrochemical properties of solutions by measuring current response as a function of applied voltage.

Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)

The concentration at which surfactants begin to form micelles in solution.

Aldol Condensation

A reaction where two aldehydes or ketones undergo a combined reaction to form larger molecules, usually under basic conditions.

Polymers

Large molecules made of repeating structural units (monomers), classified as step-growth or chain-growth polymers.

FTIR Spectroscopy

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas.

Stokes Shift

The difference between the peak wavelength of absorption and the peak wavelength of emission in fluorescence spectroscopy.

Enantiomers

Molecules that are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed.

Double Salts

Salts that contain more than one cation or anion and crystallize from solution.

Spectrochemical Series

A ranking of ligands based on their ability to split d-orbitals in transition metal complexes.

Laporte Selection Rule

A rule that states transitions must involve a change in parity and that d-d transitions are typically forbidden.

Beer-Lambert Law

A linear relationship between absorbance and concentration, allowing determination of concentration from absorbance measurements.

Micelle

Aggregated structures formed by surfactants in solution with hydrophobic interiors and hydrophilic exteriors.

Coordination compound

A compound comprising a central metal atom bonded to one or more ligands.

Surface Free Energy

The energy associated with the surface of a material, impacting its wettability by liquids.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

A strong base used in various chemical reactions, including neutralization in many lab processes.

Chemical Hazard Codes

Labels indicating the hazards associated with chemicals, helping in safe handling and storage.

Polyamide

A type of polymer containing amide linkages, commonly used in fibers like Nylon.