Earth science space light test

what did Fraunhofer discover?

when sunlight is magnified it is crossed over by 570 thin dark lines!

what does high heat cause particles to do?

they violently shake and crash together at blistering speeds.

when particles crash and vibrate at blistering speeds what happens?

light is produced.

because millions of particle collisions happen at all speeds what does the light do?

it blends into a unbroken continuous rainbow with no gaps.

what color are cool stars and what light do they have?

they are red, and they have infrared light.

what color are medium stars?

yellow.

what color are hot stars and what light do they have?

they are blue, and have ultra violet light.

what stars are the hottest?

blue stars.

what stars are the coolest

red ones.

what are the atoms in low pressure gas like?

they are spread out which causes them not to smash together.

what does a glowing gas produce?

sharp bright emission lines on a black background.

what do the set of lines in a chemical element act like?

a fingerprint.

what do electrons live on?

rungs, they cannot hover between steps.

what does an electron do to leap to a higher rung?

it absorbs light energy of an exact color.

what does an electron do when it falls?

it spits out a photon of the same color it absorbed.

what did benson and Kirchhoff figure out?

they used a clear flame and a spectroscope to discover sodium exists in sunlight.

what is the first step to form dark absorption lines?

the stellar core emits a continuous rainbow.

what is the second step to form dark absorption lines?

a cooler gass cloud absorbs its favorite barcode colors and scatters them.

what is the third step to form dark absorption lines?

look through a telescope to see the dark gaps where the scattered light is missing.

what is the unknown yellow line named after the sun?

helium.

what is our data pipeline for objects in deep space?

light.

what is white light a mixture of?

the rainbow.

what does a glass prism do to colors?

it separates them.

what color light has the longest wavelength and lowest energy?

red.

what color light has the shortest wavelength and highest energy?

violet.

shorter wavelength =

higher frequency and more energy.

longer wavelength =

lower frequency and less energy.

what speed does light travel through space with?

the speed of light.

the visible light we can see is only a tiny bit of what kind of spectrum?

the electromagnetic spectrum.

what comes after visible red light that is invisible?

infrared light.

what rays have the highest energy and are emitted by exploding stars?

gamma rays.

what rays have high energy and are used in medicine?

x-rays.

what rays are invisible that come from the sun and are mostly absorbed by the ozone layer?

ultra violet rays.

what is the light called that we are able to see?

visible light.

what is the invisible radiation given off by warm objects?

infrared.

what waves are used for radar systems and cooking?

microwaves.

what waves are used for cell phones and have the longest wavelength with the least energy?

radio waves.

what is the doppler effect?

the change in wave pitch or frequency caused by motion.

what happens when a sound source comes towards you?(doppler effect)

sound waves bunch together with a shorter wavelength and higher frequency.

what is blueshift?

when wavelengths bunch together as a star moves toward earth.

what is redshift

when a star goes away from earth and the wavelengths get longer.

what does a large redshift or blueshift mean?

faster cosmic speed!

what is the continuous spectrum like?

it looks like a rainbow with no gaps caused by crowded atoms, that reveal the surface temperature.

what are line spectra like?

looks like bright lines on black or dark lines across a rainbow caused by jumping electrons , reveals stars exact chemical ingredient.

why do dark absorption lines occur?

cooler outer gasses absorb specific barcode colors.

matching barcode lines reveal what?

elements or ingredients in the star.

redshift =

moving away

blue shift =

moving towards

light is fast but not ____

instant.

what is the speed of light in space?

300,000 kilometers per second

how fast can a beam of light loop around earth 7.5 times?

1 second

what do you see when u look at something 50 light years away from you?

the light that left that thing 50 years ago that is now reaching you.

how many billionths of a second do you see yourself ago when u look in the mirror?

3.3

moonlight takes how long to reach your eyes?

1.3 seconds

how long does sunlight take to get to earth

8.3 minutes

how long does it take for the Andromeda galaxy’s light to reach us?

2.5 million years

what is a light year a measurement of?

distance.

what causes stars to twinkle and blurs fine details?

atmospheric turbulence.

what does light pollution do?

it scatters off night air and washes out cosmic objects

what is the light that passes through the atmosphere clearly that we can see?

visible light.

what waves are long, have low energy, and pass through clouds unhindered?

radio waves

what is blocked by the atmosphere mostly and completely?

gamma rays, UV, and infrared

what are UV absorbed by?

the ozone layer?

what are infrared absorbed by?

water vapor and c02