General, Organic, and Biochemistry - Lecture 1.4 Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering significant figure rules, units of measurement, metric prefixes, dimensional analysis, and temperature scale conversions based on Lecture 1.4.

Significant figures rule for addition and subtraction

The result should have the same number of significant figures after the decimal point as the input number with the fewest number of significant figures.

Significant figures rule for multiplication and division

The answer can be no more precise than the least precise number from which the answer is derived, which is the input number with the fewest significant figures.

Efficacy (Vaccine Definition)

The percentage of people who avoided infection, calculated as $\frac{\text{placebo infections} - \text{vaccine infections}}{\text{placebo infections}} \times 100\%$.

Units

The basic quantity of mass, volume, or whatever quantity is being measured.

English system

A collection of functionally unrelated units that make conversion from one unit to another difficult.

Metric System

A systematic set of units that are related to each other decimally by powers of ten.

Mass

The quantity of matter in an object, measured on a balance with a standard metric unit of the gram ($g$).

Weight

The product of mass and acceleration due to gravity ($\text{Weight} = \text{mass} \times \text{acceleration due to gravity}$).

Length

The distance between two points, with a standard metric unit of the meter ($m$).

Volume

The space occupied by an object, with a standard metric unit of the liter ($L$).

Time (Metric Unit)

 measured using the standard metric unit of the second ($s$).

1 lb to grams conversion

$$1\,\text{lb} = 454\,\text{g}$$

1 yd to meters conversion

$$1\,\text{yd} = 0.914\,\text{m}$$

1 qt to liters conversion

$$1\,\text{qt} = 0.946\,\text{L}$$

mega- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $M$, meaning $10^6$ or $1,000,000.$, where $1\,Mx = 10^6\,x$.

kilo- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $k$, meaning $10^3$ or $1,000.$, where $1\,kx = 10^3\,x$.

deka- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $da$, meaning $10^1$ or $10.$, where $1\,dax = 10^1\,x$.

deci- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $d$, meaning $10^{-1}$ or $0.1$, where $1\,dx = 10^{-1}\,x$.

centi- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $c$, meaning $10^{-2}$ or $0.01$, where $1\,cx = 10^{-2}\,x$.

milli- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $m$, meaning $10^{-3}$ or $0.001$, where $1\,mx = 10^{-3}\,x$.

micro- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $\mu$, meaning $10^{-6}$ or $0.000001$, where $1\,\mu x = 10^{-6}\,x$.

nano- (Prefix)

Metric prefix abbreviated as $n$, meaning $10^{-9}$ or $0.000000001$, where $1\,nx = 10^{-9}\,x$.

Factor-Label Method

Also known as Dimensional Analysis, a unit conversion method that uses conversion factors to convert from one unit to another within the same system or between systems.

Temperature

The degree of "hotness" of an object.

Boiling point of water

$373\,\text{K}$, $100\,^\text{o}\text{C}$, or $212\,^\text{o}\text{F}$

Body temperature

$310\,\text{K}$, $37\,^\text{o}\text{C}$, or $98.6\,^\text{o}\text{F}$

Room temperature

$298\,\text{K}$, $25\,^\text{o}\text{C}$, or $77\,^\text{o}\text{F}$

Freezing point of water

$273\,\text{K}$, $0\,^\text{o}\text{C}$, or $32\,^\text{o}\text{F}$

Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion formula

$$T_{^\text{o}\text{C}} = \frac{T_{^\text{o}\text{F}} - 32}{1.8}$$

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion formula

$$T_{^\text{o}\text{F}} = T_{^\text{o}\text{C}} \times 1.8 + 32$$

Celsius to Kelvin conversion formula

$$T_\text{K} = T_{^\text{o}\text{C}} + 273.15$$

Kelvin Temperature Scale

A temperature scale directly related to molecular motion, where Kelvin temperature proportionately increases as molecular speed increases.