drug abuse overview 2

most commonly abused street drug

heroin

is prescription opioid abuse or heroin abuse more common?

prescription opioid abuse

meperidine is highly effective in what route?

PO

most commonly abused opioid by nurses and HC providers

meperidine

for heroin/oxycodone/other opioids, tolerance does build up for what (3) and does not build up for what (2)

euphoria, respiratory depression, and nausea; miosis and constipation

is there cross-tolerance between opioids and CNS depressants? between different opioids?

no; yes

heroin/oxycodone/other opioids OD symptoms (3)

pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and coma

most commonly used drug for opioid detox/withdrawal? most effective?

methadone; clonidine

2 most common psychostimulants? schedule?

cocaine and methamphetamine; II

psychostimulant effects (5)

cardiac stimulation, vasoconstriction, local anesthesia, euphoria, and SNS effects

mild cocaine toxicity symptoms (4)

agitation, dizziness, tremors, and blurred vision

severe cocaine toxicity symptoms (7)

hyperpyrexia, convulsions, ventricular dysrhythmias, hemorrhagic stroke, coronary artery spasms, angina, and MI

methamphetamine MOA (2)

release of NE and dopamine and decreases reuptake of both transmitters

methamphetamine effects (10)

arousal, euphoria, sense of increased mental and physical strength, increased confidence, increased orgasm, hallucinations, psychosis, weight loss, meth mouth, and CV issues

________ physical dependence and _______ psychological dependence with methamphetamine

moderate; intense

most commonly used illicit drug in the US

marijuana

marijuana effects (3)

euphoria, sedation, and hallucinations

therapeutic uses of marijuana (3)

antiemetic, appetite stimulant, and neuropathic pain

LSD/psychedelic MOA

acts on serotonin receptors

LSD effects (3)

hallucinations, psychosis, altered thinking/feeling/perception/relationship to environment

LSD toxicity presents as a _____ reaction including what symptom

panic; panic attack

what can occur after stopping LSD (2)

visual disturbances and schizophrenia

psychedelic examples (5)

salvia, mescaline, psilocybin, psilocin, and dimethyltryptamine

main dissociative drug

PCP/ketamine

PCP/ketamine original use

general anesthetic

PCP/ketamine effects (5)

distort sight/sound, dissociation, CNS depression/excitation, hallucinations, and analgesia

PCP/ketamine OD symptoms (6)

HTN, coma, seizures, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, and rhabdomyolysis

PCP/ketamine antidote

none

dextromethorphan clinical use

OTC cough suppressant

high dose dextromethorphan effects (5)

euphoria, disorientation, paranoia, altered sense of time, and hallucinations

MDMA/ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine at low doses? high?

LSD-like; amphetamine-like

MDMA/ecstasy/3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine effects (7)

euphoria, increased sensory awareness, heightened sensitivity to music, closeness with others, lowering defenses with others, reduced anxiety, and increased sociability

most anabolic steroids are what schedule?

II