5.2 Eating Disorders

Comfort and pleasure

Culture

Social Events

Mass Media

What factors may influence our eating habits?

Mass Media

_____, comprised of television, billboards, magazines and the Internet, is saturated with food advertisements, and companies spend billions of dollars to market their products to target audiences.

food choices and body perception

Mass media influences our _____.

Disordered Eating

_____ is a short-term change in normal eating patterns related to a stressful event, illness, or desire to change physical appearance.

it may cause physiological or psychological issues, such as excessive food restriction, binging, purging, and weight fluctuations

What are some effects of a long-term eating disorder?

(1) anorexia nervosa

(2) bulimia nervosa

(3) binge-eating disorder

What are the three primary types of eating disorders?

5:1

Currently more than 5 million people in North America have one of the three eating disorders mentioned, and females outnumber males _____ : _____.

Nervosa

_____ refers to an attitude of disgust with one’s body.

teenage and early adult

Nervosa typically begins in the _____- years.

(1) There is no simple cause or simple treatment.

(2) It is usually not a food issue but rather related to the lack of coping mechanisms and/or dysfunctional family relationships.

(3) There is a genetic component.

(4) Often there are other issues such as depression, an anxiety disorder, and substance abuse.

(5) Eating disorders can result in serious health risks, including death.

What are the shared characteristics of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

a denial of appetite

Anorexia nervosa translates to “______.”

Extreme weight loss through starvation

Fear of becoming obese

Distorted body image

What are the characteristics of anorexia?

Brain and Nerves - can’t think right, sad, irritable, bad memory, fainting, changes in brain chemistry

Hair - thins and gets brittle

Heart - low BP, slow HR, palpitations, heart failure

Blood - anemia

Muscles, Joints, and Bones - weak muscles, swollen joints, bone loss, fractures, and osteoporosis

Kidneys - kidney stones and failure

Body Fluids - low K, Mg, and Na

Intestines - constipation and bloating

Hormones - periods stop, growth issues, and pregnancy issues

Skin - bruises easily, dry, get cold easily, yellow skin, nails get brittle

How does anorexia affect the whole body?

85% ; 17

Body weight less than ______% of the normal weight relative to the person’s age, height, and gender and a BMI of less than or equal to _____ are clinical guidelines for an anorexia diagnosis.

outpatient therapy involving the patient and a team of medical professionals, including a physician, dietitian, and a psychologist

social support from family is also important.

What is the typical treatment for anorexia?

hospitalization

If an anorexic individual’s weight falls below 75% of their standard body weight, suffers other health issues, or has suicidal tendencies or severe psychological problems, ______ may be necessary.

Bulimia nervosa

_____ is an eating disorder in which large quantities of food are consumed over a short time period, referred to as a binging.

ox hunger

Bulimia translates to "______."

purging (vomiting) or the use of laxatives

Following a binge pattern of eating there is a great desire to get rid of the excess calories, usually through ______.

controlled ; impulsive

Anorexics are usually very _____, and bulimics tend to be _____.

be more sexually active than peers and practice illegal acts, such as stealing or substance abuse.

Because bulimics are more impulsive, they are prone to _____.

While anorexics usually come from families where the parents are overly involved, bulimics often come from families where the parents are disinterested and the rules of the household are lax.

What is the family involvement like for those with anorexia? how about those with bulimia?

stress, boredom, loneliness, and depression

What are some binge-eating triggers for bulimic individuals?

demineralization of the teeth, burns on knuckles, and swollen salivary glands

What are some physical concerns a bulimic person may encounter?

Like anorexia, it involves therapy with a team of medical professionals

How is bulimia treated?

Brain - depression, anxiety, dizzy, fear of gaining weight, distress, shame, and lo self-esteem

Cheeks - swelling, soreness

Blood - anemia

Mouth - cavities, enamel erosion, gum disease, tooth sensitivity

Throat - sore, irritated, ruptures, blood in vomit

Heart - irregular HR, weakness, low pulse and BP, and heart failure

Body Fluids - dehydration and low K, Na, and Mg

Intestines - constipation, irregular BMs, bloating, diarrhea, cramping

Hormones - irregular or absent period

Muscles - fatigue

Stomach - ulcers, pain, ruptures

Skin - abrasion of knuckles and dry skin

How does bulimia effect the body?

Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders)

_____ is a term used to classify eating disorders of abnormal eating patterns that do not meet the criteria for either anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder

night eating syndrome and female athlete triad

What are some examples of Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders?

Binge-eating Disorder

_____ is similar to bulimia and characterized by binge-eating episodes that are not accompanied by purging.

a lack of control over how much food is consumed and what is eaten

eating rapidly until feeling uncomfortable

eating alone due to embarrassment and feeling disgusted

feeling depressed or guilty after over eating

What are the characteristics of binge-eating disorder?

it makes them feel in control of their emotions and situation

Why do people binge-eat?

guilt, embarrassment, and shame

After the euphoria of binging subsides, the individual must deal with feelings of _____.

Night Eating Syndrome

_____ is diagnosed when at least one-third of a person’s calories are consumed after the evening meal.

depression

A person suffering from night eating syndrome frequently suffers from _____.

9

Approximately _____% of treated people in obesity programs having been officially diagnosed with night eating syndrome.

Female Athlete Triad

_____ involves disordered eating, lack of menstrual periods, and osteoporosis related to inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake.

gymnastics, ballet, or cross-country running

The triad often affects females who are participating in appearance-based or endurance sports, such as _____.

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

(RED-S)

_____ is a diagnosis that recognizes that male athletes may also experience ill effects from inadequate energy intake.

Intuitive eating

_____ involves learning to listen to the internal cues on hunger and satiety.

Binge-eating disorder

Which eating disorder does the following statement best describe?

Compulsive over-eating, eating alone, feeling embarrassed or ashamed.

Bulimia Nervosa

Which eating disorder does the following statement best describe?

Low self-esteem, impulsive, consumption of excess food, purging.

Female Athlete Triad

Which eating disorder does the following statement best describe?

Competitive, disordered eating, osteoporosis.

Anorexia Nervosa

Which eating disorder does the following statement best describe?

Disciplined, self-denial of food, low BMI and body weight.

Night Eating Syndrome

Which eating disorder does the following statement best describe?

Lack of hunger in the morning, Circadian rhythm is off, possible depression.

Bulimia Nervosa

Which eating disorder does the following statement best describe?

Translates to Ox Hunger.