Animal, Plant tissues and frog skeleton

Animal tissues

Epithelial

connective

muscular

nervous

Epithelial tissue

• covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body

• contains cells that are closely packed

shapes of epithelial cells

• cuboidal

• squamous

• columnar

layers of epithelial tissues

simple of stratified

cuboidal epithelium

• makes up the epithelium of kidney tubules and many glands, including the thyroid gland and salivary glands

• secretion and absorption

simple columnar epithelium

• often found where secretion or active absorption is important

• for example, this lines the intestines, secreting digestive juices and absorbing nutrients

• nonciliated- lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands

• ciliated-lines the small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

simple squamous epithelium

• thin and leaky

• lines blood vessels and the air sacs of the lungs, where diffusion of nutrients and gases is essential

• allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important

• kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

• forms a mucous membrane that lines portions of the respiratory tract

• the beating cilia sweep the film of mucus along the surface

• secretion, particularly of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

• nonciliated type-males sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands

• ciliated-variety lines of the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous epithelium

• regenerates rapidly

• commonly found on surfaces subject to abrasion

• outer skin and linings of the mouth, anus, and vagina

• protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

• nonkeratinized- forms moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina, urethra and anus

• keratinized- forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

simple squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

stratified cuboidal epithelium

• protection

• largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands

stratified cuboidal epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

stratified columnar epithelium

• basal cells usually combined; superficial cells elongated and columnar

• rare in the body; small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

stratified columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

transitional epithelium

• resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal

• stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

• lines of the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

transitional epithelium

connective tissue

• holds many tissues and organs together and in place

• contains sparsely packed cells scattered throughout an extracellular matrix

• the matrix consists of fibers in a liquid, jellylike, or solid foundation

loose connective tissue

• binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place

• loose weave of its fibers

• found in the skin and throughout the body

fibrous connective tissue

• dense with collagenous fibers

• found in tendons and ligaments

tendons

attach muscles to bones

ligaments

connects bones at joints

bone

• mineralized connective tissue

osteoblasts

bone-forming cells that deposit a matrix of collagen

adipose tissue

• stores fat in cells distributed throughout its matrix

• insulates the body and stores fuels as fat molecules

• each of these cells contain a large fat droplet that swells when fat is stored and shrinks when the body uses that as fuel.

cartilage

• contains collagenous fibers embedded in a rubbery protien-carbohydrate complex called chondroitin sulfate

chondrocytes

cells that secrete the collagen and chondroitin sulfate, which together make a cartilage that is replaced by bone as the embryo matures

blood

• has a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma, which consists of water, salts, and dissolved proteins

erythrocytes

red blood cells carry oxygen

leukocytes

white blood cells which function in defense

fluid connective tissues

has a liquid extracellular matrix

support connective tissues

provides rigid structural support

loose connective tissue

more ground substance, fewer fibers

fibrous connective tissue (dense)

more fibers, less ground substance, for strength

loose connective tissue

fibrous connective tissue

bone

adipose tissue

cartilage

blood

areolar connective tissue

holds organs in place, surrounds blood vessels and nerves

under the skin, around the organs, around blood vessels

reticular connective tissue

forms a supportive framework for soft organs

liver, kidney, lymphatic organs

provides structural support while allowing movement of cells

hyaline catrilage

nose, joints, ribs

reduces friction in joints

resilience

elastic cartilage

flexible but maintains shape

ear lobes, epiglottis

fibrocartilage

shock absorber

intervertebral discs

menisci

spongy bone

found in the ends of long bones, produces blood cells

areolar ct

reticular ct

hyaline cartilage

elastic cartilage

fibrocartilage

skeletal muscle

voluntary movement

smooth muscle

involuntary movement

cardiac muscle

contraction of the heart

skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

dermal tissues

acts as the skin for the plant

monocot stem

dicot stem

phloem

positioned towards the outside

xylem

positioned inside

monocot root

dicot root

perenchyma

collenchyma

stone cells /sclereids (sclerenchyma)

fiber cells