Keywords- 2

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50 Terms

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Cardiovascular disease

A condition affecting the heart or blood vessels

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Coronary heart disease

Blood vessels supplying the heart are narrowed or blocked

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Stroke

Oxygen is cut off to the brain which makes the brain unable to function.

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Diffusion

Net movement of particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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Mass transport system

All substances move in the same direction at the same speed.

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Mass flow

Liquid or gases moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

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Arteries

Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart.

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Capillaries

A minute thin-walled vessel of the body that forms a network between arterioles & venules.

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Arterioles

A very small blood vessel that branches off from your artery & carries blood away from heart to organs & tissues.

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Venules

A very small vein, connecting blood from the capillaries to the veins.

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Veins

Blood vessel that take blood to the heart.

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Single circulation

Blood passes through the heart once in its passage around the body.

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Double circulation

Blood passes through the heart twice in its passage around the body.

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Polar molecule

One end of a molecule is partially positive whilst the other end of the molecule is partially negative

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Dipole

Uneven sharing of electrons between 2 atoms engaging in a covalent bond.

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Hydrogen bonding

Interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons.

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Hydrophilic

Water-attracting

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Hydrophobic

Water-repelling

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Cardiac muscle

  • Muscle tissue found only in the heart

  • Responsible for ability of heart to pump blood.

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Collagen

A protein in the body.

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Systole

Contract

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Diastole

Relax

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Coronary arteries

Supplies blood to the heart.

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Cardiac cycle

A sequence of alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria & ventricles in order to pump blood throughout the body.

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Left & right atria

Heart chambers that receive blood into the heart & drives it into a ventricle.

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Ventricles

Heart chambers that receive blood from the atrias & drives blood into pulmonary artery.

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Atrial systole

Atrium contracts

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Ventricular systole

Ventricles contract

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Cardiac diastole

Heart is relaxed

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Semilunar valves

Paired valves in the heart between the pulmonary artery & aorta.

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Thrombosis

Occurs when blood clots block blood vessels which limits flow of blood.

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Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

Occurs when flow of blood that brings oxygen to a part of your heat muscle becomes blocked.

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Endothelium

A tissue which forms a single layer of cells lining various organs & cavities of the body e.g. blood vessels.

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Inflammatory response

Occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma etc.

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Cholesterol

A waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver which your body needs for good health, but in the right amounts.

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Atheroma

A fatty substance that builds up in your arteries over time.

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Plaque

A small, abnormal patch of tissue on a body part or organ. This is a build up of substances from a fluid e.g. cholesterol.

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Positive feedback

A product of a reaction, leads to an increase in that reaction.

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Platelets

Small, colourless cell fragments in the blood that form blood clots which stops or prevents bleeding.

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Cascade

A series of enzymic reactions that at each step convert an inactive enzyme into an active enzyme.

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Thromboplastin

An enzyme secreted by injured cells e.g. platelets which transforms prothrombin into thrombin.

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Prothrombin

A protein produced by the liver which converts into thrombin.

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Thrombin

A protease which converts fibrinogen into fibrin.

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Fibrinogen

A protein made in the liver which forms fibrin.

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Fibrin

A tough protein involved in forming blood clots in the body. Made by fibrinogen.

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Angina

A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

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Anaerobically

Without oxygen.

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Ischaemic

An organ is not getting enough blood & oxygen.

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Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat.

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Aneurysm

The enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall.