Classics the archaic age academics

'A number of different occupations'

Hall. (Greek Dark Age)

'Every Greek city possessed its own local or "epichoric" dialect'

Hall. (Greek Dark Age)

'The polis is seen as a peculiar synthesis of place, people, and political independence, a political unit embracing city and country as equal partners'

Osborne (The polis)

'The ways in which cities organized themselves [...] was immensely varied throughout the archaic period.'

Osborne (The polis)

'The material world described in the Homeric poems seems closely parallel to the linguistic world'

Osborne (Homer)

'There is a general coherence to the Homeric world.'

Osborne (Homer)

'Herodotus remains our single literary source of any real importance.'

Boardman (Herodotus)

'[...] most of the Olympian pantheon is irrelevant.'

Silk (Odyssey)

'The Olympian gods ...respond to the inextinguishable cry of the human heart for justice.'

Griffin (Odyssey)

'This code of hospitality (xenia) is the one universally recognized morality.'

Knox (xenia)

'The polis provided the fundamental framework in which Greek religion operated'

C. Inwood

'All Greeks were bound to respect other cities' sanctuaries and cults'

C. Inwood

'Characterized by a relative lack of special determination'

F. Polignac (dark age rituals)

'The sanctuary became the principle place of communication between the human and divine'

F. Polignac (The polis)

'Association between boundary disputes and the deities that presided over'

F. Polignac (The polis)

' 'big-man' systems were characteristic of the early Dark Age'

Whitely (Dark age power structure)

'The foundation of Herodotus' view of human culture is that all humankind shares a common, universal human nature'

Vernon L. Provencal (Herodotus)

'complete commitment to the ideology of imperialism'

Vernon L. Provencal (Persian culture in Herodotus)

'We may be sure that Hesiod's was not in fact unique in its time. The poet of the Iliad appears to have known a different one'

M.L. West ( Hesiod the Theogony )

'There is a pervasive sense of mortality and of the ultimate futility and tragedy of war which tends to subvert the received values of heroic poetry'

M.L. West ( The Iliad)

'Firstly, Gilgamesh touches Enkidu's heart to see if it is still beating. Achilles lays his hands on Patroclus' chest ... detail taken over from the source version has lost its rationale.'

M.L. West (The Iliad and attic elements)

'Objects of oriental provenience appear at Greek sites in increasing numbers, especially in the rapidly evolving Greek sanctuaries'

W. Burkert (Orientalisation of Greek art)

'The trading connections set in motion, first by the Phoenicians and then by the Euboeans, were not the only channels for mutual contact'

W. Burkert (Orientalisation of Greek art)