Final- Animal Nutrition

What is the true stomach of a chicken called?

Proventriculus

The stomach of a monogastric regions called?

Esophageal (Glandless extension of esophageal lining), Cardiac (only mucous-secreting glands), Fundic (Proper gastric glands here) and Pyloric (contains mucous and proteolytic enzymes) regions.

The _____ is the largest of the 4th compartments of the polygastric stomach?

Rumen

The crop of the chicken functions as a reservoir for ________ food before its passage into the proventriculus.

holding, moistening, and macerating

What type of digestion occur in monogastric?

Enzymic

Non-ruminants only produce ____ in their stomach.

digestive enzymes

The true stomach compartment of sheep is called?

Abomasum

This is ___, the glands of the proventriculus secrete mucin and gastric juice contains pepsin and HCL.

Correct

The ruminant produces what in the rumen?

CO₂, CH₄, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), B vitamins, and Vitamin K

Omasum is the third compartment in the ruminants stomach. What’s the capacity and structure of the omasum?

7% of the stomach, structure has leaves (Butchers bible)

Parietal cells are absent in the ______.

Proventriculus

In the fundic region of the monogastric stomach, which cells produce HCL?

Parietal cells

The horse contains less than ___ of the G.I tract.

10%

Which organ in poultry is responsible for grinding food?

The gizzard

What is the function of the rumen?

Active microbial fermentation happens here. 80% of the ruminant stomach. Papillae.

Whats the function of the recticulum in ruminants?

Honeycomb shape. Acts like a filter trapping food particles, moving food to the ruminant for further fermentation and Omasum

What is the function of the region know as the bitcher bible

Omasum, had leaves, continued fermemtstion and absorbtion of water from ingesta

What is the “true stomach” in ruminants?

Abomasum. Characterized as folds. The “stomach” compartment. Gastric juice is secreted.

What is the esophageal region of the monogastric stomach do?

Is a glandless extension of the esophagus. Consist of SSE (stratified squamous epithelium).

What is the cardiac gland region of the monogastric stomach do?

Close to the heart. Contains only mucous secreteing glands. (No acid/ gastric enzymes are secreted)

Explain the fundic gland region of the non ruminant stomach

Gastric glands ( cheif cells—> pepsinogen, parietal cells —> HCL, and mucous neck cells) are produced here.

Ehat does pyloric gland region secrete?

Produces mucous and proteoilytic enzymes.

Very fat animals may contain ___% water or less

40

H2O is lost through the normal process of breathing is called?

Respiration

What is the fecal water loss in swine?

60 - 70%

One of the main functions of water is to serve as a _____ for catabolic peotducts (urea)

Solvent

The function of sweating is to provide a sourceor water for body tempt control is what type of function of water?

Evaporative cooling

The functions of water are?

Solvent-

Transportation medium

Temperature regulation

Lubricant and cushion

Respiration

Hydrolysis

The urine water losses are consequences of _____ function.

Kidney

Cattle fecal water losses averages ___%

80-85%

Fluid that occupies the space between cells are called ____.

Intersititial

Outside of sweating , diffusion of H2O through skin is called?

(when ur cold- water loss/ when your hot- water loss)

Insensible

What are the effects of water restriction in rats?

Feed intake decrease 27%

Weight gain decrease 50%

Feed efficiency decreases 33%

Decrease in urine volume

Decreases body weight (tissue oxidation for water)

Decrease activity

What are the effects of water restriction in man?

Increased concentration of blood

Decreased blood volume, difficulty to circulate blood

Increaed heart rate and rectal temperature

Increased respiration

Tingling and numbness of feet and fingers

Your dead

What percent of water loss causes death in man

12% water loss causes death, 6-10 % causes uncoordinated movement, speech difficulty, headaces.

C5H10O5 represents an important type of sugar. The most important of these is?

Ribose

C5H10O5 or ____. What are their functions?

Pentoses are found in pentosans, occurs very small amount in free form.

Arabinose- compinent in gums when in polymer form.

Xylose- hydrolysis of fibrous materials, hay, oat hulls, corn cobs.

Ribose- most important. Component of atp, adp, riboflavin, rna, dna.