Radiation: Types, Sources, Doses Received

a photon

What is the smallest quantity of any type of EM radiation?

one half of the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies

What is amplitude?

the number of waves that pass a given point of observation per second

What is frequency?

the distance from one crest to another, one valley to another

What is wavelength?

inversely proportional

At any given velocity, what is the relationship between wavelength hand frequency?

wavelength

How is visible light identified?

frequency

How is radio frequency identified?

energy

How are x-rays identified?

originate from decaying nuclei of unstable (radioactive) atoms

Where do Gamma rays originate?

human made via accelerated electrons

Where do X-rays originate?

you could not tell them apart, only difference is their origin

For a given gamma ray and an x-ray of equal energy, would you be able to tell them apart?

True

T / F: Photons interact with matter the most easily hen the matter is approximately the same size as the photon wavelength.

Photons behave as both waves and particles

What is the wave-particle duality?

they act as both particles and waves

How do x-rays behave?

is the reduction in intensity that results from scattering and absorption

What is electromagnetic attenuation?

inverse square law

What equation is this?

xrays exist at the speed of light, or they do not exist at all. Photon energy is directly proportional to photon frequency

What is Planck's Quantum theory?

matter can be neither created or destroyed

What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?

Energy can be neither created or destroyed

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

the study of stationary electric charges

What is electrostatics?

1. Unlike charges attract, like charges repel.

2. Electric charge of a conductor is concentrated along the sharpest curvature on the surface.

3. Electrostatic force is stronger the closer the objects are but decreases rapidly as they separate.

4. When a diffuse nonconductor becomes electrified, the electric charges are uniform throughout.

What are the 4 Electrostatic Laws?

the electric potential to do work, the higher the voltage the greater the potential to do work

What is Voltage?

220 V

What voltage does X-ray equipment require?

This is the force or pressure that moves electrons from one point to another. These points have a potential difference that encourages movement of electrons (electric current)

What is electric potential?

the movement of charged particles (electrons) through a conductor (a wire)

What is current?

any substance through which electrons easily flow i.e. metal or water

What is a conductor?

any substance that does not allow electron flow i.e. glass, clay, rubber, plastic

What is an insulator?

Limits the flow of electrical current. Provides control over the flow of electrical current

What is a resistor?

True

T / F: Any charged particle in motion creates a magnetic field.

North and South

What poles do magnets have?

Naturally occurring

Artificially induced permanent magnets

Electromagnets

What are the three types of magnets?

Diamagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Paramagnetic

Non-magnetic

What four interactions with external magnetic fields can matter be classified into?

weakly repelled by either pole, cannot be artificially magnetized

What is diamagnetic?

strongly attracted by a magnet, can usually be permanently magnetized

What is ferromagnetic?

slightly attracted to magnets and loosely influence by magnetic fields

What is paramagnetic?

unaffected by external magnetic fields

What is non-magnetic?