Chapter 2 / Industry and Immigration (1865-1914) / Section 1 / Innovation Boosts Growth

Entrepreneurs

People who build and manage businesses.

Free Enterprise

The freedom to run a business for profit with minimal regulation beyond what is necessary to protect the public interest.

Patent

A grant by the federal government giving the inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a set period of time.

Bessemer Process

A process for purifying iron to make strong, and light-weight steel.

Immigration

While methods to produce goods and food products became faster, the government encouraged __________________ to keep up with the demand for labor in factories

Coal

Industrial growth was fueled by vast natural resources such as __________________

Steel

Rich iron deposits were used to produce _______________ used for railroads and machines

Immigrants

________________ began arriving in the second half of the 1800s and would work for low wages

Entrepreneurs

_________________ competed amongst themselves for customers' dollars by finding innovative ways to increase efficiency, cut costs, and lower prices

Patents

During the late 1800s, the number of __________________ rapidly increased showing rapid development of new ideas and technology

Thomas Edison

____________________ would receive more than 1,000 patents for his innovations and discoveries and invented the light bulb in 1880

Samuel Morse

In 1844, __________________ invented the telegraph, a device to send messages over a wire

Alexander Graham Bell

In 1876, ___________________ patented the telephone

Guglielmo Marconi

In 1896, ____________________ invented the first radio

Henry Bessemer

___________________ developed the Bessemer process and by 1890, the US was making more steel than Great Britain

Steel

_________________________ was starting to be used in building skyscrapers and suspension bridges with the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City being completed in 1883

Industry

After the Civil War, the South struggled to develop its _________________ and economy

Agricultural

The South remained mostly __________________ and had a smaller middle class than the north

Textile Factories

In the 1880s, _______________________ started up in the Carolinas and Georgia

Lumber

Tobacco and __________________ production started up in North Carolina and Virginia

Diversified

Farming became more _________________ with grain, tobacco, and fruit crops

Railroads

______________________ began connecting large cities in the South to move products and people

Southern Economy

In spite of all these changes and advancements, the _______________________ still lagged behind

Free Enterprise

_____________________ and industrialization touched all aspects of American life in the late 1800s

Dominated

By the 1880s, American exports of grain, steel, and textiles __________________ the international market

Factory Work

Many families moved out of rural areas where they farmed to find new jobs in the cities where __________________ was needed

Industrial Waste

By the late 1800s, __________________ had risen and mining had damaged the land while increased agricultural production had led to soil erosion and dust storms

Erosion

By the late 1800s, industrial waste had risen and mining had damaged the land while increased agricultural production had led to soil ________________ and dust storms

Natural Resources (Land)

Many people began to raise concerns about protecting __________________ and the environment

Environment

Many people began to raise concerns about protecting natural resources and the ______________________

Yellowstone

Congress responded by setting aside protected lands and ______________________ in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho was established in 1872