AP Euro Topic: 7.8 19th Century Culture and Arts
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41 Terms
Romanticism
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.
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Caspar David Friedrich
German Romantic Painter known for his works that express the sublimity of nature Wanderer above the Sea of Fog.
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John Constable
English landscape painter. Used natural color stippled with white to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons. (The Hay Wain)
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J.M.W. Turner
An English romantic painter of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, known especially for his dramatic, lavishly colored landscapes and seascapes. (Rain Steam and Speed)
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Francisco Goya
A Spanish painter of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Among his works is a series of paintings and etchings that powerfully depict the horrors of war. (The Third of May)
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Eugene Delacroix
French romantic painter, master of dramatic colorful scenes that stirred the emotions. remote and exotic subjects. (Liberty Leading the People)
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Ludwig van Beethoven
romantic composer who was the first to take full advantage of the broad range of instruments in the modern orchestra (5th Symphony, Egmont Overture)
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Frederic Chopin
A nineteenth-century Polish romantic composer. He is known for his expressive piano pieces (Nocturne)
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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Russian Romantic composer. (Nutcracker and 1812 Overture.)
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Richard Wagner
German composer of operas and inventor of the music drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused (Ride of the Valkyries)
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
(1749-1832) A German Romantic author fuel the Sturm und Drang movement (Faust, The Sorrows of Young Werther)
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William Wordsworth
English romantic poet who wrote about the natural world.
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Lord Byron
English Romantic poet who embodied the idea of the "Romantic Hero" died on way to fight in the war for Greek independence
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Percy Bysshe Shelley
English Romantic poet; Ode to the West Wind, To a Sky-Lark, Ozymandias
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John Keats
English Romantic poet who wrote "Ode to a Nightingale"
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Mary Shelley
Romantic horror novelist. Author of Frankenstein.
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Victor Hugo
French romantic novelist who wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Miserables.
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Realism
A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be
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Gustave Courbet
Most famous member of realist school. Painted only things that he saw. (The Stone Breakers).
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Jean-Francois Millet
French Realist Painter (The Gleaners)
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Ilya Repin
Russian (actually born in Ukraine) Realist Painter in late 19th c. (Ivan the Terrible and his Son)
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Adolph von Menzel
German Realist Artist (The Iron Rolling Mill: Modern Cyclopes)
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Honore Daumier
French Realist artist who often portray the brutality of industrialization and urbanization for the poor (The Third Class Carriage).
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naturalism
A nineteenth-century literary movement that was an extension of realism and that claimed to portray life exactly as it was.
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scientific determinism
the belief that all natural events and social changes are exclusively the results of the events that preceded them.
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Honore de Balzac
French realist novelist. Showed life in brutal reality. Established the traditional form of the Novel. (The Human Comedy)
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
was a Russian Realist writer. His literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social and spiritual context of 19th-century Russia. (Crime and Punishment)
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Charles Dickens
English realist writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (Tale of Two Cities, A Christmas Carol)
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George Eliot
AKA Mary Ann Evans, was an English realist novelist (Middlemarch, Silas Marner)
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Leo Tolstoy
Russian realist-combined realism in description and in the psychology of his characters (War and Peace).
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Emile Zola
This was an influential French realist writer focused on social injustice and political liberalization of France (J'Accuse, Les Rougon-Macquart)
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modern art
Describes several art movements that occurred in a shift from realism after the invention of photography, where artists felt less obligated to show the world exactly as it was. More subjective and abstract.
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Impressionism
artistic movement emphasizing light and color as the true subjects of their work (influenced by Japanese art).
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Post-Impressionism
used symbolic motifs, unnatural colors, and visible brush strokes to show emotion.
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Cubism
A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes to create a 3D subject on a 2D plane.
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Claude Monet
French Impressionist artist .Use of Light and Color as focus. (Waterlilies series)
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Edgar Degas
French Impressionist artist. Everyday life in Paris as focus. (The Dance Class)
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Henri Matisse
Fauvism artist. Used brilliant color to get strong reactions (Woman with a Hat).
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Paul Cezanne
French postimpressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components hidden in nature (The Bathers)
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Vincent van Gogh
A Dutch post-impressionist who painted a "moving visions in his mind's eye". (The Starry Night)
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Pablo Picasso
a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes (Les Demoiselles, Guernica)
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