Oxidation in alcohols

What are the 3 types of alcohols?

1 degree = OH group is attached to 1 alkyl

2 degrees = OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to 2 alkyl groups

3 degrees = OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to 3 alkyl groups

What can each type of alcohol oxidise into?

2 degree = ketone

1 degree = aldehyde

1 degree = carboxylic acid

aldehyde = carboxylic acid

What are the 3 types of alcohols?

1 degree = OH group is attached to 1 alkyl

2 degrees = OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to 2 alkyl groups

3 degrees = OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to 3 alkyl groups

What can each type of alcohol oxidise into?

2 degree = ketone

1 degree = aldehyde

1 degree = carboxylic acid

aldehyde = carboxylic acid

What is important when showing the oxidation?

The functional groups must be in the same spot in the reactants and products

What is the oxidising agent?

Acidified potassium dichromate

When is distillation and reflux used?

1 degree to aldehyde, you use distillation

1 degree to carboxylic acid, you use reflux

2 degree to ketone, you use reflux

When is water not produced in oxidation?

From aldehyde to carboxylic acid

What is elimination in dehydration of alcohols?

The removal of a small molecule

What does a dehydration of alcohol equation look like?

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What could the 3 different outcomes of the dehydration be?

What happens during a substitution reaction and what is needed?

Alcohol turns into a haloalkane, a sodium halide and sulfuric acid is need.

What reacts first in the substitution?

The sodium halide and sulfuric acid, creating a hydrogen halide.

What does the substitution react look like?

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