POS 2041 final

\________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering

civil liberties

The text of the Fourteenth Amendment says

"nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Conflicts over whether public schools should be allowed to assign readings from the Bible and lead nondenominational prayers are examples of disagreements over the

meaning of the establishment clause

The \________ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses.

free exercise

Which type of speech has the Supreme Court upheld as protected by the First Amendment?

burning the American flag

Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the \________ Amendment in 1920.

19

After the Civil War, which amendments to the U.S. Constitution offered African Americans the most hope for achieving full citizenship rights?

13, 14, 15

The principle that serves as the basis for democracy and allows people to have a hand in the rules that govern them is known as \______.

popular sovereignty

The broad pattern of ideas, beliefs, and values about citizens and government that a population holds is known as its \______.

political culture

Although many Americans believe in equality of gender and race, when it comes to American political culture, the meaning of equality becomes \______.

equality of opportunity

Americans largely accepted the political ideas of which philosopher, whose ideas of political change challenged British ideology?

John Locke

In drafting the Constitution, the founders \______.

reached a compromise that included characteristics of both the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan

Which group supported the proposed Constitution and favored a stronger national government?

federalists

49. The establishment of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches is an example of \______.

separation of power

What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment?

to give stated the powers that are not given to the national government

Congress is permitted to expand its reach to carry out its enumerated powers through the \______.

necessary and proper clause

The power of judicial review was established in \______.

Marbury v. Madison

Over time, power has largely shifted \______.

from stated to the national government

An amendment must be ratified by \______.

3/4 of the states

Speech that maliciously damages a reputation through the written word is \______.

libel

The exclusionary rule allows that \______.

evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against someone in a court of law

Overall, Americans' trust in their government has \________ since the 1960s.

declined sharply

In order for the Constitution to be formally adopted, \________ of the \________ states in the Union had to agree to its terms.

9, 13

The Bill of Rights was designed to protect

liberty

Bicameralism means

the division of the legislature into two chambers

The two major roles of members of Congress are \______.

representation and lawmaking

\______ refers to a congressional committee's monitoring of the executive branch and of government agencies to ensure they are acting as Congress intends.

congressional oversight

Which of the following is a check that Congress has on the executive branch?

the power to impeach the president

During the constitutional process of removing a president from office, \______.

the house impeaches and the senate tries the official

The number of representatives with voting privileges in the House of Representatives \______.

435

Partisan gerrymandering is the process in a particular state legislature whereby the majority party \______.

draws districts to maximize the number of house seats their party can win

\______ are important in Congress because they organize the chambers.

parties

The primary responsibility for gathering information, taking testimony, and revising legislation in Congress falls to \______.

the standing committees

Which of the following is the extremely powerful congressional committee that determines when debate on a bill will take place?

the house rules committee

When different versions of the same bill pass in the House and the Senate, \______.

a conference committee is formed to bridge the gap between the bills

Most bills introduced in Congress \______.

die by inaction at the committee stage

What is the minimum age requirement for someone to serve in the House of Representatives?

25

Presidents are limited to two full terms in office by \______.

22 amendment

The president's cabinet is composed of the \______.

appointees heading each of the major departments in the executive branch

Which is a power that is granted to the president by the Constitution?

commander in chief

Pacts made by the president with another head of state that do not require Senate approval are called \______.

executive agreements

Inherent powers are the \______.

powers not explicitly stated in the constitution

Divided government occurs when \______.

one party controls the presidency while the other party controls at least one house of congress

The Executive Office of the President was formed to \______.

provide expert advice, serve the interests of the president, and supply information

What is an independent agency?

an organization within the executive branch that executed the law and that is separate from the departments

The president may free those who have been accused or convicted of crimes based on the executive's \______.

pardon power

What is the minimum age requirement for the president?

35

The concept of judicial review, which allows the Courts to determine the constitutionality of laws, was established in which case?

Marbury v. Madison

The right to ask a higher court to ensure that everything was handled properly and to review the process is called \______.

the right to appeal

the relationship between sample size and sampling error is the larger the sample, the smaller the sampling error will be

true

although mediated citizens have an increased amount of information at their fingertips, they are still vulnerable to manipulation by the media

true

one of the effects of horse race journalism is that the media show politics as if politicians cared only about scoring victories off one another

true

a random sample of at least 5000 is required to be representative of the united states

false

the basic principles that shape a persons opinions about political issues and events are called values

true

socioeconomic states is probably the best predictor of who votes and who does not vote

true

the first political party in the united states were the Jeffersonian Republicans

false

the tendency of public officials, journalists, and lobbyists to move between public- and private-sector jobs is known as the revolving door

true

the portion of the populations selected to participate in a poll is known as the weighting bias

false

a realignment is a substantial and long-term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change in policy direction

true

the responsible party model makes it easier for voters to hold parties accountable for their actions

true

approximately \_______ percent of eligible voters turn out for midterm congressional elections

35

A(n) \______ occurs when a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election

closed primary

the allocation of seats in the US HOR to the stated every 10 years is called

apportionment

the requirement that broadcasters provider candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public is called that

equal time rule

polling error that arises when the sample is no representative of the population being studied, which creates errors in over-representing of under representing some opinions is called

selection bias

the primary goal of direct lobbying is to gain public support for an interest group's proposals

false

PACs are the fundraising are for interest groups

true

compared with other industrialized nations, the United States ranks near the top in voter participation

false

many interest groups face the free rider problem when recruiting member who can gain the benefits of their activities whether or not they join

true

the effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wished to hear rather than what they believe is called

the social desirability effect

an example of \____ is when a journalist of producer decides what is important enough to become news and end up on the political agenda

framing

private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called

political action committees

nation elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November \_____ years(s)

every other

who is an incumbent

the current office holder, running for reelection

political parties hold primary elections or caucuses in order to

select a single candidate to represent the party in the general election

what is the main purpose of framing

to tell a story with a certain angle and only some of the information

an individual's psychological attachment to one party or another is called a party

identification

a political party is an organization

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office

public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that

they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests

when Hillary Clinton won the polarity of votes in California during the 2016 election, and California had 53 representatives in the HOR, how many electoral voted from California did she win

55

which amendment to the US constitution lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years of age

26th

how do interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence

they the amicus curiae briefs, finance lawsuits, and bring suit directly on behalf of the group.

\_______ occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of congress

divided government

which of the following statements concerning third parties is true?

third parties often have their programs adopted by one of the two major parties

a national meeting that nominated the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates, establishes party rules and writes and ratifies the party's platform is called a

converntion

\_________ occurs when interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches

mobilizing public opinion

a U.S. senator has a \________-year term

6

throughout its history, american politics has been dominated by

two major political parties

every month the americas political science association sends me a journal with current research in politics

informational

last month i received a picture from the ASPCA of a cat that my donation saved from abuse

purposive

this week NORMAL is holding a conference in San Fransisco where members will "hang out" and make new friends

solidary

the world wildlife foundation gave me a panda bear t-shirt when I signed up

material

in order to win the presidency, a candidate must win

at least 270 electoral votes

lobbying is

an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of congress or state legislature

the number of votes required for a bill tot be reported out of a congressional committee to the floor

majority

the number of voted required to ratify a negotiated treaty of the president of the united states

2/3

the number of senate votes required to remove the president from office via the impeachment process

2/3

the number of votes required in the US senate to invoke cloture

3/5

the number of votes required in the US senate to confirm a US supreme court Justice

majority

the number of votes required in conger to override a presidential veto

2/3