Unit 7 Gases and Thermochemistry

What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

It explains the behavior of gas particles, stating that they are in constant, random motion and that their collisions are elastic.

What are the units used for gases?

Pressure (atm, kPa, mmHg), Volume (L), Temperature (K), and Moles (mol).

What is pressure?

The force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of a container.

What is absolute zero?

The lowest possible temperature (0 K or -273.15°C) where particles have minimum kinetic energy.

What is the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature?

According to gas laws: Boyle’s Law (P ∝ 1/V), Charles’s Law (V ∝ T), and Gay-Lussac’s Law (P ∝ T).

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

PV = nRT, where P = Pressure, V = Volume, n = Moles, R = Gas constant, and T = Temperature (K).

What is STP

Standard Temperature (0°C or 273.15 K) and Pressure (1 atm or 101.3 kPa).

How do you calculate specific heat (c)?

c = Q / (m × ΔT), where Q = heat, m = mass, and ΔT = temperature change.

What is a phase diagram?

A graph showing the phases of a substance (solid, liquid, gas) based on temperature and pressure.

What is the activated complex in a potential energy diagram?

The highest point of the curve, representing the transition state between reactants and products.