Lecture Notes on Social Class Inequality

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to social class inequality, including stratification theories, definitions of inequality, types of poverty, and insights into social mobility.

What is stratification in a societal context?

Stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups in a society.

Define social inequality.

Social inequality is the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and status among individuals and groups.

What is social mobility?

Social mobility is the upward or downward movement of individuals and groups between different class positions.

What are the four systems of stratification discussed?

The four systems are Slavery, Estate System (Feudal Europe), Caste System, and Class System.

According to functionalism, why is stratification necessary?

Stratification contributes to social stability by motivating people and ensuring the most qualified individuals fill the most important positions.

Name a limitation of functionalism in explaining stratification.

Functionalism assumes meritocracy and equal opportunity, which may not accurately reflect the complexities of social inequality.

What does conflict theory focus on regarding socioeconomic inequality?

Conflict theory focuses on how socioeconomic inequality is an outcome of capitalism, dividing people into classes based on economic position.

What is the relationship between economic power and political power, according to Weber?

Weber noted that economic power often translates into political power, affecting the status and influence of individuals.

How is class stratification measured?

Class stratification is measured through income, wealth, and status, which arrange people into social hierarchies.

What is the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty?

Absolute poverty lacks the minimal requirements for a healthy existence, while relative poverty is defined by living standards compared to the majority of society.

What is a 'culture of poverty'?

A culture of poverty suggests that poverty is perpetuated by a set of values and behaviors passed down through generations.

Who are considered the working poor?

The working poor are individuals who work at least 27 weeks a year but earn insufficient wages to lift themselves above the poverty line.

What trends can be observed in U.S. income inequality from the 1970s to present?

The trend shows increasing inequality, with the rich becoming richer and the middle class becoming poorer since the 1970s.

What is the significance of the Titanic game in understanding social stratification?

The Titanic game simulates social stratification, illustrating how individuals with different social statuses may have varied access to resources during a crisis.

What are two types of equality discussed?

Equality of opportunity focuses on providing similar opportunities, while equality of outcome aims to equalize social outcomes such as income and wealth.

What insights does the concept of intergenerational mobility offer?

Intergenerational mobility reflects changes in status or economic position from one generation to the next.

How does the wealth of the top 1% compare to the bottom 20% in the U.S.?

The top 1% have an average income that is nearly 139 times greater than that of the bottom 20%.