Pharmacology MCQ Practice

During which phase are animals used in testing?

pre-clinical phase

Which phase of drug evaluation tries informed patients?

Phase II, can be combined with phase I for rare diseases

Which phase of drug evaluation is done after the drug is released on the market?

Phase IV, can lead to drugs being taken off the market if serious long-term side effects are found

Which phase of drug evaluation tests the drug in the clinical market?

Phase III

Which of the following is the definition of absorption?

the movement of drug from site of administration into blood supply

What is the bioavailability of a drug administered IV?

100% (direct)

How do PK profiles help you choose between drugs?

Different drugs can be needed depending on the urgency of the indication, drug can have distinct PK depending on route of administration

How do PK profiles help you choose how frequently to administer drug?

We can see the time it takes to get to the critical concentration

What is the definition of drug distribution in PK?

the movement of drugs throughout the body (from plasma to tissue)

What is the major organ involved in drug metabolism?

liver

What is the definition of metabolism

the enzymatic alteration of drug structure (conversion/modification/biotransformation)

Which of the following organisms is involved in excretion

kidney

what is excretion

removal of drug from the body

what is the time it takes for Cmax to be reduced by half

half-life

If we gave a drug of half-life 6, after 12 hours, what’s the concentration?

25%, half after half amount of time, quarter after same amount of time after

which of the following is first-order kinetics?

constant fraction of drug being removed per unit time

which of the following is zero-order kinetics?

constant amount of drug removed per unit time

Which drug is more potent? Which drug is more effective?

green, both same effectiveness

Which of the following is an agonist?

one that has affinity and intrinsic activity, stimulates a response, binds and activates

which of the following is an antagonist?

has affinity but no intrinsic ability, prevents agonist action

How many domains do nuclear receptors have?

none, they’re intracellular

what are the specialized domains of GPCR?

G-protein

what are the specialized domains of LGIC?

channel pores

what are the specialized domains of KLR

enzymatic/catalytic domain, usually with phosphorylation

how many subunits and transmembrane receptors do LGIC have?

4-5, 4

how many subunits and transmembrane receptors do GPCR have?

7, 1

how many subunits and transmembrane receptors do KLR have?

1,1

how many subunits and transmembrane receptors do NR have?

0,1

True or false: G-protein bound by GTP is inactive

false, GDP is inactive

True or false: G-protein bound by GDP is inactive

true, GDP is inactive

Pharmacokinetics is best defined as which of the following?

I. the action of drugs on the body

II. The interaction of a drug with its receptor

III. The process of drug absorption

IV. The action of body on drugs

V. The duration of action of a drug

the action of body on drugs

Which of the following is the major site of drug metabolism?

I. Kidney

II. Liver

III. Brain

IV. Lung

V. Skin

Liver

What is the removal of a drug referred to as?

excretion

Which effect refers to the process occurs when an oral medication is processed through the liver before reaching the tissues?

first-pass effect

what is the amount of time it takes for a drug level to decrease to one-half its peak level in the blood?

half-life

drug excretion primarily occurs through which organ?

the kidney

60 mg of drug Z was administered and 6 mg reached the plasma. What is the bioavailability of drug Z?

10%

T/F: coronary flow is blood supply to heart muscle

true

T/F: nitrates stimulate both arterial and venous SMC contraction and contract coronary arteries

false, only vascular

T/F: statins are administered orally and decrease hepatic cholesterol synthesis

true

Which of the following is true about aspirin

irreversible cox-1 inhibitor

which is true about statin MoA

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

T/F: thrombin cleaves plasminogen to plasmin

false, fibrinogen to fibrin

T/F thrombus is a solid mass consisting of only platelets

False, also have white/red blood cells

T/F: coagulation cascade can be activated by contact with damaged tissue or tissue factor release

true

T/F: natriuresis is exceptionally salty urine

true

Which is false about loop diuretics

Increase aldosterone production in collecting duct

Which is true about warfarin

Warfarin is a vit k antagonist

What’s true about statins

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

What is false about CCB

Increase intracellular ca2+

What is false abt beta blockers

Exert effect by blocking sodium movement

Where do thiazide diuretics work

Distal convoluted tubule

Which receptor is found on the presynaptic terminal

Alpha 2

Which one of the following is a class of receptors targeted for heart failure treatment

Beta1

A medication that non-selectively blocks both beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors is prescribed to a patient. Which of the following is a potential side effect

Increased bronchial constriction

What are cholinergic drugs

Drugs that act on the same pathway as acetylcholine (often called parasympathomimetic drugs), not limited to a certain site of action, associated with undesirable systemic effects