BLS study guide for HOSA

What does BLS stand for?

Basic Life Support

What is the age for adults?

adolescents (after the onset of puberty) and older.

What is the age for children?

1 year of age to puberty.

What is the age for infants?

Less than 1 year of age(excluding newly born infants in the delivery room).

What are the signs of puberty in males?

chest or underarm hair

What is the sign of puberty in female?

any breast development.

CPR is a ______ procedure for victims who has signs of _______.

lifesaving & cardiac arrest

what are signs of cardiac arrest?

unresponsive, no normal breathing and no pulse.

what are the components of CPR?

chest compression and breaths

What can high quality CPR do?

it can improve the chances of a victim's survival.

For high-quality CPR when should one start compression?

10 seconds

When performing CPR, you would want to....?

Push hard and push fast

What is the rate at which you would have to compress?

100 to 120 compression per minute.

How deep do you have to compress for Adults?

2 in (5 cm)

How deep do you have to compress for Children?

1/3 in. depth & about 2 inch(5 cm)

How deep do you have to compress for Infants?

1/3 in. depth & 1.5 inches(4 cm)

What should you allow after each compression?

Allow complete chest recoil

You should have __________ __________ in high-quality CPR

minimal interruptions

What type of breaths should you give to make the chest rise?

Give effective breaths

What should you avoid when you are performing high quality CPR?

excessive ventilation

What does research suggest about compression depth in adults?

If the compression depth is to be greater than 2.4 in (6 cm) in adults may cause injuries.

Personal Protective Equipment

Medical gloves, eye protection, full body coverage, high-visibility clothing, safety footwear, and safety helmets.

Where can cardiac arrest happen?

anywhere at any time.

True or false:

The system of care is different depending on whether the patient has an arrest inside or outside the hospital.

True

What are the two distinct adult Chains of Survival:

In-hospital cardiac arrest or out-of hospital cardiac arrest.

Abbreviation of In-hospital cardiac arrest

IHCA

Abbreviation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

OHCA

For adult patients in the hospital why does cardiac arrest happen?

A result of serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse.

How can you prevent and predict these arrest?

By careful observations.

What are the links in the chain of survival in IHCA?

1). Surveillance, prevention, ad treatment of prearrest conditions.

2). Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system.

3). Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compression.

4). Rapid defibrillation

5). Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care

For adult patients out of hospital, why does cardiac arrest happen?

Happens due to an underlying cardiac problems.

Links in the chain of survival for an adult who has a cardiac arrest outside of the hospital are...

1. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system.

2. Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions.

3. Rapid defibrillation with AED.

4. Effective advanced life support(including rapid stabilization and transport to post-cardiac arrest care).

5. Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care.

What is the pediatric chain of survival?

1. Prevention of arrest.

2. Early high-quality bystander CPR.

3. Rapid activation of the emergency response system.

4. Effective advanced life support( including rapid stabilization and transport to post_cardiac arrest care).

5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

Sudden cardiac arrest

Occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood.

Heart attack

Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked.

What happens when you have a cardiac arrest?

With seconds, the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing or is only gasping. Death can occur within minutes if the victim does not receive immediate lifesaving treatment.

What happens when you have a heart attack?

The longer the person with a heart attack goes without treatment, the greater the possible damage to the heart muscle.

What are the signs of an heart attack?

Pain in the jaw, arms, back or neck. Light-headedness and nausea/vomiting.

What are the signs of a heart attack over a long period of time?

Severe discomfort in the chest or other areas of the upper body, shortness of breath, cold sweats, and nausea/vomiting.

What does C-A-B stand for?

Compression, Airway, Breaths

What do you do when first encounter a victim?

Verify scene safety.

What to do when you have normal breathing, and pulse?

Monitor until emergency responders arrive.

What to do when there is no breathing and a pulse?

Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds or about 10-12 breaths/min.

You would activate the emergency response system(if not done already) after 2 min.

Continue rescue breathing and check the pulse about every 2 minutes. it no pulse then begin CPR.

When there is no breathing and there is a pulse, and there is a possible overdose of opioid overdose?

Then one must administer naloxone if available per protocol.

For the AED, if one has to give a shock, what is the next step?

Give 1 shock and resume CPR, immediately for 2 minutes(until prompted by the AED).

How do you activate the emergency response system in an hospital?

You would call the hospital code for the emergency that is going on.

What are the four things to check before you apply the AED on the victim?

Water on the body

Implants or pacemakers

Hair in the chest

Medication patches

What should you do if there is a shirt on a victim and you need to perform CPR?

Leave the shirt on unless you have to attach AED pads.

What is the first step when you approach a scene?

Verify that the scene is safe!

What is the second step when you are performing adult CPR?

Check if the patient is responding.

What is the third step when performing adult CPR?

Activate the emergency response system and ask for/get the AED.

What is the fourth step in performing adult CPR?

Initiate chest compressions.

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths for a one rescuer in adult CPR?

30:2

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths for one rescuer in infant CPR

30:2

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths for two rescuer Infant CPR?

15:2

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths for two rescuer Adult CPR?

30:2

How should you check for responsiveness in an adult?

By tapping or gently shaking their shoulder and shouting "Are you ok?"

How should you check for responsiveness in an infant?

tapping on the foot

Where should you check for pulse in an infant?

brachial pulse

Where should you check for pulse in an adult?

carotid pulse

How would you activate the emergency response system in a hospital?

activate it by using a specific hospital code.

How would you activate the emergency response system in a prehospital setting?

activate EMS, paramedic, medic units or advanced life support?

How would you activate the emergency response system in a workplace/facility?

Call 9-1-1 or activate the specific OSHA or workplace emergency response protocols.

What to do if the victim is breathing?

you would monitor the victim until additional help arrives.

What to do if victim is not breathing and is only gasping?

It is not normal breathing and the person is having a Cardiac arrest, so you should immediately start CPR.

What is an agonal gasp and what does it mean?

it is known as gasping and it shows an abnormal pattern of breathing.

At what rate does a gasp happen?

a slow rate

What should happen each chest compression?

You should allow the chest recoil completely?

Should you move a victim during compressions?

No

What are the 2 conditions in which you can move a victim during comressions?

1. The victim is in a dangerous environment.

2. If you believe that you cannot perform CPR effectively in the victim's present position or location.

Why should one must not put a victim on a soft surface?

The force used to compress the chest will simply push the body into the soft surface.

How does a firm surface help in CPR?

It allows compression of the chest and heart to create blood flow.

What is the importance of chest recoil?

It allows the blood to flow into the heart.

What does an incomplete chest recoil do?

It reduces the filling of the heart btw. compressions and reduces the blood flow created by chest compressions.

What should be about equal each time in CPR?

Chest compression and chest recoil.

What is an alternate technique for chest compressions?

Put one hand on the breastbone to push on the chest. Grasp the wrist of that hand =with your other hand to support the first hand as it pushed the chest.

For the breaths to be effective, what must happen?

The victim's airway must be open.

what are the two methods for opening the airway?

head tilt-chin lift

jaw-thrust

If there is a head or neck injury what must one do?

They must use the jaw-thrust maneuver

What will the jaw thrust maneuver do, if a head or neck injury is suspected?

It reduces neck and spine movement.

What should you avoid with a head tilt-chin lift?

That you do not press deeply into the soft tissue under the chin

Do not close the victim's mouth completely.

If you press you deeply into the soft tissue under the chin, what will happen?

It might block the airway.

How big is the risk of infection from CPR?

low

What is another name for a pocket mask?

Mouth-to-mask

What type of vale does a typical pocket mask have?

1-way valve

What does a 1-way valve mask do?

It diverts exhaled air, blood or bodily fluid from entering into the resucuer.

What is oxygen content of inhaled air?

21%

What is the oxygen content of exhaled air?

about 17%

What are the three things to remember when we are giving chest compressions?

1. deliver each breath over 1 second.

2. Visible chest rise with each breath

3. resume chest compressions in less than 10 seconds.

What is a bag-mask device used for?

to provide positive-pressure ventilation to a victim who is not breathing or not breathing normally.

What amount of oxygen does a bag mask provide?

21%

When should rescuers switch positions?

after every 5 cycles of CPR or after 2 minutes or after if the rescuer is fatigued.

How do effective teams communicate?

Communicate continuously

How do you maintain an AED?

By checking the batteries

Calibration and testing of energy dose.

What supplies are including in AED kit?

AED pad replacement, pediatric pads

Additional emergency equipment(can be in a first aid kit):

Scissors

Razor

wipes

gloves

barrier device(pocket mask)

What is the first thing you should do once an AED has arrived and you have checked all of the conditons to where you can apply the AED?

Turn it on

Why should rescuers minimize the interval between the last compression and shock delivery?

The shock is more likely to be effective.

What is an arrhythmia?

An irregular or abnormal heart beat.

What happens when Arrhythmia occurs?

Electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat happen too quickly, too slowly or erratically.

True or False: Arrhythmia's can be life threatening?

True