[MANOR] Physical Pharmacy

PROVERBS 16;3

D) Henderson-Hasselbalch

The buffer equation is also known as:
a. Noyes-Whitney
b. Van't Hoff
c. Arrhenius
d. Henderson-Hasselbalch

B) Noyes-Whitney

The dissolution of a drug is calculated using:
a. Henderson-Hasselbalch
b. Noyes-Whitney
c. Arrhenius
d. Stokes

A) lowered

The vapor pressure of a solution _________ by the presence of a solute.
a. lowered
b. raised
c. unaltered
d. developed

A) miscible with both liquids

To increase the miscibility of partially miscible liquids, add a substance,
a. miscible with both liquids
b. miscible with one of the liquids
c. immiscible with both liquids
d. immiscible with one of the liquids

B) molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution:
a. normality
b. molarity
c. molality
d. none of the above

A) normality

The number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution:
a. normality
b. molarity
c. molality
d. none of the above

C) molality

The number of moles of solute per 1000g of solvent:
a. normality
b. molarity
c. molality
d. none of the above

B) cubic

Crystalline form of NaCl:
a. tetragonal
b. cubic
c. hexagonal
d. monoclinic

A) true solution

A type of solution where the dispersed phase is uniform throughout the solution:
a. true solution
b. suspension
c. coarse dispersion
d. colloidal dispersion

B) passive

Diffusion mechanism whereby drugs are transported from a region of high to low concentration:
a. active
b. passive
c. facilitated
d. all of the above

A) active

Diffusion mechanism whereby drugs are transported from a region of low to high concentration:
a. active
b. passive
c. facilitated
d. all of the above

C) Fick's First Law

An equation which reveals the rate of diffusion of a drug:
a. Noyes-Whitney
b. Nernst Film Theory
c. Fick's First Law
d. Fick's Second Law

D) it is a measure of the cohesiveness of particles of a compacted powder

The following statements are true for dustibility are true, except
a. it signifies the opposite of stickness
b. it characterizes the free-flowing powders
c. it has some relation to the uniform spreading of dusting powders when applied to skin
d. it is a measure of the cohesiveness of particles of a compacted powder

A) 0º

Complete wetting of a surface occurs when the contact angle between a liquid droplet and the surface is:
a. 0º
b. 160º
c. 180º
d. 90º

D) Thixotropic

Gels and magmas when standing form semisolids and on shaking become fluid are said to be:
a. Plastic
b. Newtonian
c. Dilatant
d. Thixotropic

A) Keesom Forces

The attractive forces between polar molecules, that is, between molecules that possess dipole movement:
a. Keesom Forces
b. Dispersion Forces
c. Van der Waals Forces
d. Ion-Dipole Forces

C) Polymorphism

The existence of elemental substances such as carbon and sulfur, in more than one crystalline form:
a. Polymerism
b. Isomerism
c. Polymorphism
d. Polymorphs

B) Hemolytic Method

A method of measuring tonicity which is based on the effect of various solutions of the drug observed on the appearance of red blood cells suspending in the solutions:
a. Cryoscopic Method
b. Hemolytic Method
c. Freezing Point Depression Method
d. NaCl Method

D) Henry's Law

The effect of pressure on the solubility of a gas is expressed by _______, which states that in every dilute at constant temperature, the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution at equilibrium:
a. Stoke's Law
b. Raoult's Law
c. Newton's Law
d. Henry's Law

B) Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction

The attractive interaction between a polar molecule and the induced dipole;
a. Ion-Induced Dipole Interaction
b. Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
c. Induced Dipole
d. Ion-Dipole Forces

B) Quaternary NH4 compounds

The following are not cationic surfactants, except:
a. Potassium Laureate
b. Quaternary NH4 compounds
c. Na Lauryl Sulfate
d. Triethanolamine Stearate

B) particle sedimentation

The bulk density of a powder depends primarily on the following, except:
a. particle size distribution
b. particle sedimentation
c. particle shape
d. tendency of the particles to adhere to one another

B) Dilatant

When the stressed is removed, a ____ system returns to its original state of fluidity.
a. Plastic
b. Dilatant
c. Pseudoplastic
d. Newtonian

A) Emulsion

An example of liquid-liquid interface.
a. Emulsion
b. Suspension
c. Mixture
d. Gels

D) all of the above

The degree of adsorption of a gas by a solid depends on the chemical nature of the:
a. adsorbent
b. surface area of the adsorbent
c. temperature
d. all of the above

C) density

The ff are methods of determining particle size, except;
a. sedimentation
b. optical microscopy
c. density
d. particle volume measurement

A) porosity

The ratio of the void volume to the bulk volume of the packing
a. porosity
b. packing arrangement
c. bulkiness
d. flow properties

C) granule density

Type of particle density which is determined by the displacement of mercury
a. true density
b. bulk density
c. granule density
d. void volume

B) absolute viscosity

Kinematic viscosity is also known as:
a. relative viscosity
b. absolute viscosity
c. fluidity
d. stress

D) rate of shear

Viscosity of a pseudoplastic substance decreases with increasing _____________.
a. shearing stress
b. temperature
c. pressure
d. rate of shear

A) expand

As the temperature increases, the solubility of most gases decreases, owing to the greater tendency of the gas to________.
a. expand
b. diffuse
c. bind
d. scatter

B) Picric acid type

The following are not organic molecular complexes, except;
a. Clathrates
b. Picric acid type
c. Channel Lattice Type
d. Olefin Type

C) cryoscopic method

The following are methods of determining the type of emulsions, except;
a. dye method
b. conductivity test method
c. cryoscopic method
d. dilution test method

D) phase inversion

The change of emulsion type from O/W to W/O or vice versa is known as:
a. coalescence
b. breaking
c. creaming
d. phase inversion

C) more than 10,000 parts of the solvent

Relatively insoluble
a. less than 1 part solute
b. 100-1000 parts solvent
c. more than 10,000 parts of the solvent
d. less than 10,000 parts of the solvent

A) alkyl groups

The ff are hydrophilic substituents, except:
a. alkyl groups
b. amino group
c. hydroxyl group
d. carbonyl group

B) additive

Molecular weight and mass are examples of _________ property
a. colligative
b. additive
c. constitutive
d. none of the above
e. all of the choices

A) Newtonian

Water is a __________ liquid
a. Newtonian
b. Plastic
c. Pseudoplastic
d. dilatant
e. thixotropic

B) Hess Law

Proposed Law of heat summation
a. Boyle's Law
b. Hess Law
c. Charles' Law
d. Gay Lussac's Law

B) decreases

As the length of a non-polar chain of an aliphatic alcohol increases, the solubility of the compound in water;
a. increases
b. decreases
c. no effect
d. all

A) zero order reaction

Type of reaction wherein the rate is independent of the concentration of reactant or reactants is termed as;
a. zero order reaction
b. first order reaction
c. second order reaction
d. third order reaction

A) zero

The fastest order of reaction to decompose, since according to its differential rate expression, it is independent of the remaining concentration of the drug after decomposition:
a. zero
b. pseudo-first
c. first
d. second

B) saturated solution

This type of solution has a solute concentration equivalent to its limit of solubility. This would mean that if the same solute is added to this solution, even in minute amounts, will lead to crystallization, precipitation, or insolubility of that solute:
a. unsaturated solution
b. saturated solution
c. supersaturated solution
d. none of the above

C) optical activity

Example of constitutive property:
a. mass
b. molecular weight
c. optical activity
d. temperature

D) blending

The increase in mutual solubility of 2 partially miscible solvent by another agent is referred to as:
a. salvation
b. salting out
c. miscellar solubilization
d. blending

C) molality

Number of moles per kilogram solvent:
a. molarity
b. normality
c. molality
d. percentage expression

C) paint

One of these exhibit dilatant flow:
a. cream
b. ointment
c. paint
d. acacia mucilage

B) solubility increases with decreased particle size

Which of the following statements is true?
a. solubility increases with increased particle size
b. solubility increases with decreased particle size
c. solubility decreases with increased particle size
d. solubility decreases with decreased particle size

D) oxidation

Ascorbic acid is the least stable of all vitamins. Its instability is via this reaction:
a. photolysis
b. hydrolysis
c. none of the choices
d. oxidation

D) graphical method

This method of determining the overall order of reaction involves the use of different plots. The plot will form a straight line that will determine the order:
a. half-life method
b. substitution method
c. integrated rate method
d. graphical method

C) sparingly soluble

If 1 gram of solute dissolves in 30-100 parts of solvent, the solute is said to be _________ in that solvent:
a. freely soluble
b. soluble
c. sparingly soluble
d. slightly soluble
e. very slightly soluble

C) Cryoscopic method

Method of adjusting the tonicity of a solution to conform that of the blood and lacrimal fluid based on the adjustment of the freezing point of the solution to -0.52ºC.
a. Sodium chloride equivalent method
b. White Vincent method
c. Cryoscopic method
d. Sprowls method

A) Sodium chloride equivalent method

Method of adjusting the tonicity of a solution to conform that of the blood and lacrimal fluid based on the adjustment of the freezing point of the solution to 0.9% NaCl.
a. Sodium chloride equivalent method
b. White Vincent method
c. Cryoscopic method
d. Sprowls method

B) White Vincent method

Method of adjusting the tonicity of a solution to conform that of the blood and lacrimal fluid based on the use of calculated volume V values when the weight of the drug is 0.3 g, followed by the dilution of this solution with an already isotonic, usually buffered solution to the appropriate volume.
a. Sodium chloride equivalent method
b. White Vincent method
c. Cryoscopic method
d. Sprowls method

C) Van Slyke Equation

Equation showing the buffer capacity of a solution
a. Raoult's Law
b. Stoke's Law equation
c. Van Slyke Equation
d. Vant Hoff's equation

A) 4.3 ml

Using White-Vincent Method, compute for the required volume to make 0.3 g of Atropine sulfate (E=0.13) isotonic.
a. 4.3 ml
b. 3.9 ml
c. 25.6 ml
d. 33.3 ml

C) pH equals pKa

Maximum buffer capacity can be observed in a buffer solution with
a. pH lesser than pKa
b. pH greater than pKa
c. pH equals pKa
d. pKa greater than pH

A) inclusion

Complexation which involves entrapment of one compound in the molecular framework of another
a. inclusion
b. chelation
c. true bond complexation
d. charge transfer complexation

B) ligand

Group which donate electron pair to a central atom to form the coordinate complex
a. metal substrate
b. ligand
c. chromophore
d. tautomer

C) Coordination number

Maximum number of atoms or groups that can combine in the coordination sphere with the central atom
a. Ionization number
b. Central atom number
c. Coordination number
d. Valence number

D) sequestration

The suppression of a property or reaction of a metal without the removal of that metal from the system
a. coordination
b. stabilization
c. sensitization
d. sequestration

C) Clathrate formation

Type of complexation involved in Warfarin sodium USP
a. chelation
b. Channel lattice type
c. Clathrate formation
d. Monomolecular inclusion

B) Channel lattice type

Type of complexation involved in Starch-Iodine Complex
a. chelation
b. Channel lattice type
c. Clathrate formation
d. Monomolecular inclusion

A) chelation

Type of complexation involved in Calcium-EDTA Complex
a. chelation
b. Channel lattice type
c. Clathrate formation
d. Monomolecular inclusion

A) hypotonic

0.75% Sodium chloride aqueous solution is
a. hypotonic
b. isotonic
c. hypertonic
d. isoosmotic

B) first order

When the rate of the reaction is proportional to the first power of the concentration of one reactant, the reaction order is:
a. zero order
b. first order
c. second order
d. third order

B) adhesive force

The force of attraction between molecules of different phases is referred to as:
a. electrostatic force
b. adhesive force
c. cohesive force
d. van der waal's force

C) cohesive force

The force of attraction between molecules of same phases is referred to as:
a. electrostatic force
b. adhesive force
c. cohesive force
d. van der waal's force

A) 1-3

Range of HLB value in the Griffin Scale for anti-foaming agents
a. 1-3
b. 3-8
c. 8-16
d. 16-18

D) 16-18

Range of HLB value in the Griffin Scale for solubilizing agents
a. 1-3
b. 3-8
c. 8-16
d. 16-18

B) 3-8

Range of HLB value in the Griffin Scale for W/O emulsifying agents
a. 1-3
b. 3-8
c. 8-16
d. 16-18

B) Lyophobic

A colloidal system in which the colloidal particles shows little attraction for the dispersion medium
a. Lyophilic
b. Lyophobic
c. Hydrophilic
d. Association

C) peptization

The breaking up of aggregates brought about by the addition of deflocculating agents
a. condensation
b. lyophilic dispersion
c. peptization
d. association

C) anionic surfactant

Which of the following is an example of an association colloid?
a. Carboxymethylcellulose
b. Bentonite
c. anionic surfactant
d. acacia

B) lyophobic dispersion

Colloidal dispersion which is unstable, irreversible and forms nonspontaneously
a. lyophilic dispersion
b. lyophobic dispersion
c. Association colloid
d. lipophilic dispersion

A) Critical Micellar Concentration

The concentration of surfactant's monomer to bring about micelle formation
a. Critical Micellar Concentration
b. Aggregation number
c. Critical Monomer Concentration
d. monomer number

C) Solubilization

The ability of surfactants to enhance the solubility of insoluble compounds in the dispersion medium
a. Micallization
b. Flocculation
c. Solubilization
d. Stabilization

B) Gold number

The protective effect of a colloid is expressed in terms of:
a. Schulze-Hardy Rule
b. Gold number
c. Lyotropic series
d. sedimentation volume

A) creaming

The upward movement of dispersed droplets relative to the continuous phase
a. creaming
b. sedimentation
c. aggregation
d. coalescence

A) syneresis

The natural shrinking of gel caused by coarsening of the matrix
a. syneresis
b. bleeding
c. swelling
d. imbibition

D) imbibition

The taking up of liquid by a gel without the significant change in its volume
a. syneresis
b. bleeding
c. swelling
d. imbibition

B) bleeding

The liberation of oil or water from ointment base resulting from a deficient gel structure
a. syneresis
b. bleeding
c. swelling
d. imbibition

C) swelling

The significant increase in the volume of a gel caused by the addition of interpenetrating liquid
a. syneresis
b. bleeding
c. swelling
d. imbibition

B) viscosity

An expression of the resistance of a fluid flow
a. fluidity
b. viscosity
c. stiffness
d. elasticity

B) poise

Unit used to express absolute viscosity
a. no unit
b. poise
c. stokes
d. dynes/cm

A) no unit

Unit used to express relative viscosity
a. no unit
b. poise
c. stokes
d. dynes/cm

C) stokes

Unit used to express kinematic viscosity
a. no unit
b. poise
c. stokes
d. dynes/cm

A) plastic

Which of the ff. flow system shows a yield value?
a. plastic
b. Pseudoplastic
c. Newtonian
d. Dilatant

A) plastic

In which of the ff. systems does the rheogram plot does not pass through the origin?
a. plastic
b. Pseudoplastic
c. Newtonian
d. Dilatant

D) Dilatant

Which of the ff. systems is referred to as "shear thickening"?
a. plastic
b. Pseudoplastic
c. Newtonian
d. Dilatant

B) Pseudoplastic

Which of the ff. systems is referred to as "shear thinning"?
a. plastic
b. Pseudoplastic
c. Newtonian
d. Dilatant

C) Thixotropy

The comparatively slow recovery of the consistency of a material lost through shearing defines
a. Rheopexy
b. Dilatancy
c. Thixotropy
d. Negative thixotropy

A) Searle type

Cup and Bob Viscometer type where the bob is rotated
a. Searle type
b. Couette Type
c. Cone and Plate type
d. Oswald type

C) Poiseulle's Law

Flow of a liquid out from a capillary obeys
a. Stoke's Law
b. Hooke's Law
c. Poiseulle's Law
d. Graham's Law

C) Gamma radiation

Which of the ff. forms of radiation is the most penetrating?
a. alpha radiation
b. beta radiation
c. Gamma radiation
d. electron radiation

A) isotones

Atoms of different elements having the same number of neutrons
a. isotones
b. isobars
c. isomers
d. isotopes

B) Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

Equation that gives the relationship between the vapor pressure and the absolute temperature of a liquid
a. Raoult's Law
b. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
c. Van Slyke equation
d. vant Hoff's equation

D) ampiphiles

Surfactants are
a. lipophiles
b. hydrophiles
c. lyophiles
d. ampiphiles

D) adsorption

The concentration of a gas, liquid or solid on the surface of a liquid or solid is;
a. solubility
b. diffusion
c. absorption
d. adsorption

C) salt content as the blood

An isotonic solution has the same;
a. pH as the blood
b. fluid pressure as the blood
c. salt content as the blood
d. osmotic pressure as the blood